This article estimates the extent to which private insurance supplements affect use of services by Medicare enrollees. Three types of supplements to Medicare's coverage are examined--Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs), medigap (MGP) plans, and employment-based indemnity (EBI) plans. While each kind of supplement reduces cost sharing on Medicare-covered services, only HMOs do so without inc...

Materialized views defined over distributed data sources are a well recognized technology in data integration, ebusiness, and semantic web. Many algorithms have been proposed to date for incrementally maintaining such materialized views. One important task of view maintenance is to reduce the time taken for updating the view extent, which is ever increasing due to higher data volumes and more r...

This research studied a special-needs population under age 18 who had both private insurance and Medicaid coverage through the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (TEFRA) option. We found that children with managed care plans, particularly health maintenance organizations (HMOs), tended to incur higher total expenses to TEFRA than children with indemnity plans. Our findings also sh...

A summary of findings from the Evaluation of the Medicare Competition Demonstrations is presented in this article. The purpose of this evaluation was to examine the implementation and operational experiences of the 26 health maintenance organizations that operated as demonstrations from 1983 to 1985, their experiences in marketing their plans, the factors that affected beneficiaries' decisions ...

Classical planning started with goals and produced plans. To do something similar in a reactive framework, it is necessary to treat the achievement or maintenance of a goal as specifying a default behavior, while at the same time being able to deploy tools to generate more complex plans. These tools rely on representing the relations between goals and plan patterns that achieve them. An importa...

The tail assignment problem is a critical part of the airline planning process that assigns specific aircraft to sequences of flights, called lines-of-flight, to satisfy operational constraints. The aim of this paper is to develop an operationally flexible method, based upon the one-day routes business model, to compute tail assignments that satisfy short-range—within the next three days—aircra...

Despite a slight drop in enrollment and a dramatic shift in the landscape of the rural Medicare Advantage (MA) market in early 2010, MA plans have experienced modest growth in enrollment in rural areas over the last two quarters of 2010. The majority of the growth is concentrated in preferred provider organization (PPO) plans, counteracting a decline in private fee-for-service (PFFS) plan enrol...