INTRODUCTION Walking is a preferred and recommended physical activity for middle-aged and older adults, but many barriers exist, including concerns about safety (ie, personal security), falling, and inclement weather. Mall walking programs may overcome these barriers. The purpose of this study was to summarize the evidence on the health-related value of mall walking and mall walking programs. ...

Technologies producing high current density (>20mA/cm2) negative ions at a low operating gas pressure (<0.3Pa) has been established. Reduction of the gas pressure is efficient to improve the acceleration efficiency of neutral beam injectors. Beam optics in a multi-aperture, multi-stage electrostatic accelerator has been studied using a 400keV negative ion source. It was found that the ion beam ...

We report on the development of a doubly weighted Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm (DWGS) to enable generation of uniform beamlet arrays with a spatial light modulator (SLM) for use in multiphoton multifocal imaging applications. The algorithm incorporates the WGS algorithm as well as feedback of fluorescence signals from the sample measured with a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detector array....

The Beamlet is a single-beam prototype of future multibeam megajoule-class Nd:glass laser drivers for inertial confinement fusion. It uses a multipass main amplifier, adaptive optics, and efficient, high-fluence frequency conversion to the third harmonic. The Beamlet amplifier contains Brewster-angle glass slabs with a clear aperture of 39 cm x 39 cm and a full-aperture plasma-electrode Pockels...

IMRT treatment planning via biological objectives gives rise to constrained nonlinear optimization problems. We consider formulations with nonlinear objectives based on the equivalent uniform dose (EUD), with bound constraints on the beamlet weights, and describe fast, flexible variants of the two-metric gradient-projection approach for solving them efficiently and in a mathematically sound man...

This study aims to explore the factors that determine the attractiveness of shopping mall locations for developers, from the perspective of those who want to select site to open shopping malls in China, and to evaluate the relative importance of these factors. Through a literature review, shopping mall location, store attractiveness in the shopping mall, fit between target market customers and ...

Crowding is largely associated with negative consumer outcomes such as shopping irritation and lower levels of shopping pleasure, less positive attitudes and less satisfaction toward the crowded store or mall. While previous research demonstrated the alleviating effect of slow music and greenery on this negative impact of high perceived crowding, this study examines the potential of a relaxing ...

© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinhei G. Y. Margulis Department of Applied Physics Stanford University Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA M. G. Christoforo Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA D. Lam Department of Physics Stanford Un...