The pollution caused by foreign investment has become a serious concern of the host government and academia. Many studies have discussed much about environmental impact China’s OFDI in countries along Belt Road Initiative (BRI) region, but ignored BRI itself on OFDI. This study uses Global Malmquist–Luenberger index to measure green technology spillover from 2005 2018 this effect with DID (diff...

We analyse the role of new weak and strong commensurability conditions on efficiency measures especially productivity measurement. If fails, then a index (indicator) may exhibit homogeneity bias yielding inconsistent contradictory results. In particular, we show that Luenberger indicator is sensitive to proportional changes in input-output quantities, while Malmquist not affected by such change...

This research introduces a novel empirical application to the assessment of farm productivity growth. While existing on change has primarily focussed ex post output observations, it been shown that ignoring production uncertainty can lead unreliable results. Using state-contingent framework represent stochastic environment, we extend recent line merged approach and efficiency measurement using ...

In this paper Malmquist productivity index(MPI) for decision making unit(DMU) with interval data has been evaluated.A method for assessing Malmquist productivity index using cost efficiency also has been developed.The applicability of the methods developed is illustrated in the context of the analysis of groups of teaching of university performance.

OEnergy efficiency is a vital factor to promote sustainable development. In this paper, the directional distance function–global Malmquist–Luenberger model (DDF-GML) applied measure energy levels of 30 provinces in China from 2000 2017. Simultaneously, impacts economic growth targets and marketization on are empirically tested using generalized system moment estimation (SYS-GMM) mediation effec...

Accelerating the “double carbon” transformation of manufacturing industry is key to achieving strategic goal in China, among which low-carbon development Beijing top priority. To achieve high-quality Beijing, main task reduce carbon emissions and improve efficiency. Therefore, on basis Global Malmquist–Luenberger (GML) index system dynamics (SD) method, this study analyzes green total-factor en...

The productivity change of a decision making unit (DMU) between two time periods can be evaluated by the Malmquist productivity index. In this study, we propose a method to compute the Malmquist productivity index in several time periods (from the first to the last periods) on interval data in data envelopment analysis (DEA). Then, the obtained Malmquist productivity index is compared with Malm...

To measure the carbon emission efficiency of China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, explore factors affecting and provide reference for improving industry promoting government to formulate macro policies. Based on data in 30 provinces China from 2010 2019, based SBM model ML (Malmquist-Luenberger) index model, was calculated its dynamic change investigated, Tobit further used influencin...

Tourism eco-efficiency is an essential indicator to measure the level of green and sustainable development tourism. Based on data nine provinces in Yellow River Basin, from 2011 2020, this article estimates changes tourism Basin explores its internal drivers by establishing multiple input-output index systems using Global Malmquist-Luenberger (GML) method. Finally, a panel stochastic Tobit mode...