Recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) leads to the generation of MAMP-triggered immunity (MTI), which restricts the invasion and propagation of potentially infectious microbes. It has been described that the perception of different bacterial and fungal MAMPs causes the repression of flavonoid induction upon light stress or sucrose application. However, the functional sign...

To determine the thresholds for transesophageal atrial capture, as well as factors that may influence the thresholds, we measured the minimal current and pulse width required to pace the atria through transesophageal bipolar lead systems in 12 patients, ranging in age from l day to 19 years, during 19 episodes of reentrant supraventricular tachycardia. Depending on the patients’ age and size se...

The efficiency of pencil lead fiber was investigated for effective head-space solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) of methamphetamine (MAMP) from aqueous standard solutions without chemical derivatization prior to gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. Most effective experimental parameters such as extraction temperature and time, sample pH, and salt...

A first line of defense against pathogen attack for both plants and animals involves the detection of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), followed by the induction of a complex immune response. Plants, like animals, encode several receptors that recognize different MAMPs. While these receptors are thought to function largely redundantly, the physiological responses to different MAMPs...

Pulmonary infection is the most common risk factor for acute lung injury (ALI). Innate immune responses induced by Microbe-Associated Molecular Pattern (MAMP) molecules are essential for lung defense but can lead to tissue injury. Little is known about how MAMP molecules are degraded in the lung or how MAMP degradation/inactivation helps prevent or ameliorate the harmful inflammation that produ...

Plants are continuously monitoring the presence of microorganisms to establish an adapted response. Plants commonly use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to perceive microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/PAMPs) which are microorganism molecular signatures. Located at the plant plasma membrane, the PRRs are generally receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or receptor-like proteins (...

Plants and animals perceive diverse microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) via pattern recognition receptors and activate innate immune signalling. The actin cytoskeleton has been suggested as a target for innate immune signalling and a key transducer of cellular responses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying actin remodelling and the precise functions of these rearrangements du...

Plants detect microbes via two functionally interconnected tiers of immune receptors. Immune detection is suppressed by equally complex pathogen mechanisms. The small plasma-membrane-tethered protein RIN4 negatively regulates microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-triggered responses, which are derepressed upon bacterial flagellin perception. We demonstrate that recognition of the flagelli...

This paper presents the definition as well as a number of methods for the solution of a new combinatorial optimization problem, called S-MAMP that has to be solved for the efficient management of a network of media servers. This network of servers can be implemented on top of a closely connected network of workstations as well as on a wide area network of media servers. The problem studied here...

Higher eukaryotes have evolved mechanisms to detect and discriminate between a wide range of commensal and infectious microorganisms. The first inducible line of defence common between plant and animal systems is microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-triggered immunity (MTI) [1,2]. MTI is based on the recognition of certain structurally highly conserved and, for the microbe, indispensable...