Transcription of the cellulosomal cellulase/hemicellulase genes of Clostridium cellulovorans has been investigated by Northern blot, reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), primer extension, and S1 nuclease analysis. Northern hybridizations revealed that the cellulosomal cbpA gene cluster is transcribed as polycistronic mRNAs of 8 and 12 kb. The 8-kb mRNA coded for cbpA and exgS, and the 12-kb mRNA...

Ramai dalam kalangan penterjemah menghadapi kesukaran untuk mencari padanan terjemahan derivasi kata kerja berimbuhan Arab yang paling tepat ke bahasa Melayu. Ini disebabkan kegagalan menentukan sesuatu antara kedua-dua tersebut. Makalah ini memberikan tumpuan kepada sejadi surah al-Baqarah. Objektif kajian dilakukan adalah melihat sejauh mana penterjemahan Arab-Melayu dapat dengan baik terhada...

Saadeti bir "turfa meyveye" benzeten Tanpınar, mutluluğun geçici haz olduğuna vurgu yapmak gayesindedir. Hakikaten de mutluluk, arayışın gölgesinde kalan hatta onunla cezbeye gelen mütemadi anların bütünü gibidir. Bu anlar bazen maddi hazzı ifade ederken taraftan da manevi içsel serüveni anlatır. Huzur Romanı huzuru, toplamda yirmi dört saati dizi belirsizliklerin/endişelerin Her ne kadar anlat...

The first purpose of this paper is to extend Coffey-Saidha-Newe modal logic to be able to deal with multi-channel protocols. Next, we apply the extended logic to verify validity of protocols in the MANA family.

Two classes of fumarase-transducing phages, lambda fumA and lambda fumB, were isolated from populations of recombinant phages containing HindIII fragments of Escherichia coli DNA; they were isolated by virtue of their ability to complement the metabolic lesion of a fumarase-negative mutant. The strongly complementing lambda fumA phages contained a 6.2-kilobase HindIII fragment encoding: the fum...

The Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide O1 antigen is a major target of bacteriophages and the human immune system and is of critical importance for vaccine design. We used an O1-specific lytic bacteriophage as a tool to probe the capacity of V. cholerae to alter its O1 antigen and identified a novel mechanism by which this organism can modulate O antigen expression and exhibit intra-strain hete...

MANA (Map Aware Nonuniform Automata) is a cellular automata-based simulation model of conflict which has been developed by the New Zealand Defence Technology Agency. It is based on the foundation ideas of complexity and emergence (Lauren and Stephen [12]). It has been developed using as a start point the ISAAC model developed for the US Marine Corps by Illachinski [5]. ISAAC was developed in or...

To optimize Bacillus subtilis as a production strain for proteins and low molecular substances by genome engineering, we developed a markerless gene deletion system. We took advantage of a general property of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS), in particular the mannose PTS. Mannose is phosphorylated during uptake by its specific transporter (ManP) to mannose 6-ph...