Acetylcholine and dopamine are neurotransmitters that play multiple important roles in perception and cognition. Pharmacological cholinergic enhancement reduces excitatory receptive field size of neurons in marmoset primary visual cortex and sharpens the spatial tuning of visual perception and visual cortical fMRI responses in humans. Moreover, previous studies show that manipulation of choline...

Previous studies of motor learning have described the importance of cognitive processes during the early stages of learning; however, the precise nature of these processes and their neural correlates remains unclear. The present study investigated whether spatial working memory (SWM) contributes to visuomotor adaptation depending on the stage of learning. We tested the hypothesis that SWM would...

Spatial working memory (SWM) is fundamental to cognition by caching behaviorally relevant cues on a timescale of seconds and by tapping into several executive processes including encoding, maintenance and retrieval of information for adaptive behavioral response. The striatum plays a critical role in gating WM representations, but the specific contribution of the striatal indirect pathway to WM...

Serotonin (5-HT) receptors of types 1A and 2A are strongly expressed in prefrontal cortex (PFC) neurons, an area associated with cognitive function. Hence, 5-HT could be effective in modulating prefrontal-dependent cognitive functions, such as spatial working memory (SWM). However, a direct association between 5-HT and SWM has proved elusive in psycho-pharmacological studies. Recently, a comput...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of Star Wars music (SWM) compared with endoscopist-selected popular music (PM) on quality outcomes in colonoscopy. DESIGN AND SETTING A single-centre, prospective, randomised controlled trial conducted in an endoscopy suite within a quaternary-centre gastroenterology unit, Melbourne, Australia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measures were procedur...

in recent years managing solid wastes has been one of the burning problems in front of state and local municipal authorities. this is mainly due to scarcity of lands for landfill sites. in this context experts suggest that conversion of solid waste to energy and useful component is the best approach to reduce space and public health related problems. the entire process has to be managed by tech...

Solid Waste Management (SWM) is a multifaceted problem comprising political, socioeconomic, institutional, and environmental aspects. Due to exponential urban growth, it has become one of the most significant issues faced by spaces in developing countries. The gap knowledge among youth old within countries contribute ecological or waste management problems, resulting unsustainable development, ...

Objectives: Sensory neuropathy is the major cause of ulceration in diabetic patients. Periodical sensory examination is an appropriate method to detect neuropathy and decrease the risk of diabetic foot ulcer. Semmes–Weinstein Monofilaments (SWM) and tuning fork on/off test are widely used to assess pressure and vibration sensitivity. The present study evaluated the inter- and intra-rater reliab...

It has been proposed recently that a deficit in keeping track of spatial locations may contribute to the severity of unilateral neglect in some right hemisphere stroke patients. However, performance on traditional spatial working memory (SWM) tasks (e.g. Corsi blocks) might be confounded by failure to encode leftward locations, rather than a true deficit of maintaining locations in SWM. Here we...

Eff ective management of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Pacifi c developing member countries (DMCs) is diffi cult because of several country-specifi c characteristics. These include limited land area, customary land ownership; environmental fragility; limited human and fi nancial capacity; and in some countries, a heavy reliance on tourism. The challenges mean that selecting technologies that a...