There are many rumors and mutual accusations between belligerent nations of carrying out studies gain function pathogens with the intention using such as weapons hybrid war. Thus reported A neurotropic H5N1 avian influenza virus (IAV) strain named IAV/WSN /33 (H1N1) that induced conversion PrPC into PrPSc formation infectious prions bring danger a type potential risk for development to warfare ...

(QFD) tools are limited in their use and their reuse. Computational tools can alleviate these limitations. In addition, Artiicial Intelligence (AI) tools can further enhance the functionality of QFD tools. A graph-based information representation is proposed as the basis for integrating various QFD and AI tools. An architecture of a computational QFD (CQFD) tool based on the graph-based mod-eli...

T here is ongoing discussion among the scientific and biosecurity communities over how to address concerns about “gain-of-function” (GOF) research using highly pathogenic agents [1–3]. The discussion has mainly centered on previous work by Yoshihiro Kawaoka’s group at the University of Madison-Wisconsin in the USA [4] and Ron Fouchier’s group at Rotterdam University in the Netherlands [5]. Both...