The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibitors SB203580, CMPD-1, SB239063, SP600125, and FR180204 on the activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and to assess whether the MAPK pathway affects P-gp directly. Changes in the fluorescence of residual rhodamine 123, a marker of P-gp activity, in the apical region of Caco-2 cells were mea...

Background Poly cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is known as a common endocrine disorder in women at reproductive ages and may cause developmental abnormality in oocyte. ERK has found as a regulator protein of Gap junctions (GJ) function and the level of exchanges between two neighbors cells, for example oocyte and surrounding cumulus cells (CCs) in the mammalian ovary. Such exchange is essential...

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). It is not diagnosed or managed properly in the majority of patients because its pathogenesis remains controversial. In this study, human whole genome microarrays identified 2898 and 4493 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in DM and DPN patients, respectively. A further KEGG pathway analysis indicated tha...

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays a vital role in cellular processes such as gene expression, cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. Also known the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway, MAPK has been implicated approximately one-third of all cancers. Mutations RAS or RAF genes KRAS BRAF are common, these mutations typically promote malignancies by over-activating MEK ERK downst...

In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus function as the major biological clock. SCN-dependent rhythms of physiology and behavior are regulated by changes in the environmental light cycle. Currently, the second messenger signaling events that couple photic input to clock entrainment have yet to be well characterized. Recent work has revealed that photic stimulation durin...

Dual and triple combination therapies with RAF inhibitors plus other targeted agents have demonstrated promising clinical utility in BRAFV600-mutant solid tumors. However, despite vertical inhibition at multiple nodes on the MAPK signaling pathway, resistant tumors emerge. Ahronian and colleagues show that in BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer, resistance involves reactivation of RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK sig...

The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein (MAPK) pathway involves a three-step cascade of kinases that transduce signals and promote processes such as cell growth, development, apoptosis. An aberrant response this is related to the proliferation diseases tumors. By using simulation modeling, we document arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) modulates MAPK thus avo...

In addition to its effects on macrophage function, macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP) is a growth and motility factor for epithelial cells. The growth and survival of epithelial cells generally require two signals, one generated by interaction with extracellular matrix via integrins, the other initiated by a growth factor. Therefore we investigated the effect of MSP on epithelial cell surviva...

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, acting through the downstream kinase MK2, regulates the stability of many proinflammatory mRNAs that contain adenosine/uridine-rich elements (AREs). It is thought to do this by modulating the expression or activity of ARE-binding proteins that regulate mRNA turnover. MK2 phosphorylates the ARE-binding and mRNA-destabilizing prot...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway plays an important role in the development and maintenance of inflammatory pain. Electroacupuncture (EA) can suppress the inflammatory pain. However, the relationship between EA effect and p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway in inflammatory pain remains poorly understood. It is our hypothesis that p38 MAPK/...