Using a technique based on "state splitting" it is shown that every n-state Markov system is decomposable into a whirl interconnection of n 1 two-state Markov systems.

Popularity of mobile devices is accompanied by widespread security problems, such as MAC address spoofing in wireless networks. We propose a probabilistic approach to temporal anomaly detection using smoothing technique for sparse data. Our technique builds up on the Markov chain, and clustering is presented for reduced storage requirements. Wireless networks suffer from oscillations between lo...

We propose to exploit three-valued abstraction to stochastic systems in a compositional way. This combines the strengths of an aggressive state-based abstraction technique with compositional modeling. Applying this principle to interactive Markov chains yields abstract models that combine interval Markov chains and modal transition systems in a natural and orthogonal way. We prove the correctne...

in this research, the tacticity and microstructure of polyvinyl chloride (pvc) were studied through back bone methylene and methine carbons and protons splitting by carbon (13c nmr), proton (1h nmr) and two-dimensional (2dnmr) nulear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in deuterated etrahydrofuran.polyvinyl chloride was synthesized by emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride (vcm) under pressure t...

This paper presents a novel hybrid modeling technique that is used for the first time in Hidden Markov Modelbased handwriting recognition. This new approach combines the advantages of discrete and continuous Markov models and it is shown that this is especially suitable for modeling the features typically used in handwriting recognition. The performance of this hybrid technique is demonstrated ...