We can adapt movements to a novel dynamic environment (e.g., tool use, microgravity, and perturbation) by acquiring an internal model of the dynamics. Although multiple environments can be learned simultaneously if each environment is experienced with different limb movement kinematics, it is controversial as to whether multiple internal models for a particular movement can be learned and flexi...

Humans and animals trained on sequential reaction tasks show decreases in reaction time and increases in anticipatory movements even long after they have ceased to make errors. Humans show these changes even when they do not explicitly recognize that they performed a repeating sequence. We have developed a task which rats learn to perform error-free quickly, but in which they continue to show p...

conclusions the dominant side scapula of asymptomatic racquet players showed increased external rotation and elevation as compared to the non-dominant side. also, reduced shoulder internal rotation, extension and adduction and gain in shoulder external rotation was observed on the dominant side of racquet players when compared to the control group. materials and methods 46 asymptomatic professi...

a variety of nervous system components such as medulla, pons, midbrain, cerebellum, basal ganglia, parietal, frontal and occipital lobes have role in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (emdr) processes. the eye movement is done simultaneously for attracting client's attention to an external stimulus while concentrating on a certain internal subject. eye movement guided by therap...

The main objective of this article is to identify and evaluate the accelerating factor in the Iranian oil nationalization movement. The main question is: what was the accelerating factor that put the Iranian oil nationalization movement into practice? The article relies on the reform movement theory of Neil Smelser. For this purpose, fraud in the 16thnational election of the parliament, and est...