The history of the Animal Protection Movement is discussed as a case of social movement transformation. Transformation here refers to significant shifts in the goals, strategies, tactics, and membership of the movement and that I suggest reflect the shifting institutional bases of the movement. What emerges as a reform movement of aging elite evangelicals in the earlyto midNineteenth Century En...

A major epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease affected Argentina during 2001. The epidemic was controlled by mass-vaccination of the national herd and movement restrictions. The median herd disease reproduction ratio (RH) decreased significantly from 2.4 (before the epidemic was officially recognized) to 1.2 during the mass-vaccination campaign and < 1 following the mass-vaccination campaign. The ...

The feminist movement has its roots in Western progressivism. basic feature is the struggle for women's rights and demand to protect expand they deserve. Feminism currently gaining significant influence West modern China. However, development of feminism China more obvious differences from West. Chinese feminists acknowledge existence patriarchy, their own voice, hope express situation thoughts...

Previous research has shown that for goal-directed movements, online visual feedback is not necessary for the adaptation of movement planning to novel movement dynamics. In the present study, we wanted to put this proposition to a stringent test and determine whether the usually dominant role of online visual feedback in movement control is diminished when goal-directed movements are performed ...

BACKGROUND Falls amongst older people have been linked to reduced postural stability and slowed movement responses. The objective of this study was to examine differences in postural stability and the speed of response between young adults, low fall-risk older adults, and high fall-risk older adults during voluntary postural sway movements. METHODS Twenty-five young adults (25+/-4 years), and...

Movement on earth is effected by bodies (e.g. river channels, animals, vehicles) of seemingly random scales, large and small. Here we use the constructal law and the design of ‘distributed energy systems’ to show that the large must be few and the small many, in particular proportions that are required for greater access for movement on areas. First, we demonstrate that mass movement per kilogr...