In this paper we defined prime ideal and maximal ideal and proved several properties of these. We have discussed the space of prime ideals of a C-algebra A with respect to the hull-kernel topology, which is called the prime spectrum of A and denoted by Spec A. It is also proved that Spec A is a T0 space.

2. Primary ideals in C(X). C(X) denotes the ring of real-valued continuous functions on the topological space X, under ordinary pointwise addition and multiplication. By a primary ideal we mean an ideal which is contained in at most one maximal ideal. An O-ideal is an ideal / such that for each pair/i,/2G/ there exists eEI, depending on/i and f2, such that/<«=/.-, for i = l, 2 [7; 4]. A prime-l...

Let G be a group. A subset X of G is a set of pairwise noncommuting elements if xy ̸= yx for any two distinct elements x and y in X. If |X| ≥ |Y | for any other set of pairwise non-commuting elements Y in G, then X is said to be a maximal subset of pairwise non-commuting elements. In this paper we determine the cardinality of a maximal subset of pairwise non-commuting elements in any non-abelian...

Let R be a local ring of bounded module type. It is shown that R is an almost maximal valuation ring if there exists a non-maximal prime ideal J such that R/J is an almost maximal valuation domain. We deduce from this that R is almost maximal if one of the following conditions is satisfied: R is a Q-algebra of Krull dimension ≤ 1 or the maximal ideal of R is the union of all non-maximal prime i...

1 Definitions Definition 1. A graded ring is a ring S together with a set of subgroups Sd, d ≥ 0 such that S = ⊕ d≥0 Sd as an abelian group, and st ∈ Sd+e for all s ∈ Sd, t ∈ Se. One can prove that 1 ∈ S0 and if S is a domain then any unit of S also belongs to S0. A homogenous ideal of S is an ideal a with the property that for any f ∈ a we also have fd ∈ a for all d ≥ 0. A morphism of graded r...

It is shown that a squarefree principal Borel ideal satisfies the persistence property for the associated prime ideals. For the graded maximal ideal we compute the index of stability with respect to squarefree principal Borel ideals and determine their stable set of associated prime ideals.

In this paper we exhibit some examples of non-Gorenstein Hecke algebras, and hence some modular forms for which mod 2 multiplicity one does not hold. Define S2(Γ0(N)) to be the space of classical cuspidal modular forms of weight 2, level N , and trivial character. The Hecke algebra TN is defined to be the subring of End(S2(Γ0(N)) generated by the Hecke operators {Tp : p 6 |N} and {Uq : q|N}. Le...

We state several conditions under which comultiplication and weak comultiplication modulesare cyclic and study strong comultiplication modules and comultiplication rings. In particular,we will show that every faithful weak comultiplication module having a maximal submoduleover a reduced ring with a finite indecomposable decomposition is cyclic. Also we show that if M is an strong comultiplicati...

In this work, we attempt to investigate the connection between various types of ideals (for examples (m,n)-ideal, bi-ideal, interior-ideal, quasi-ideal, prime-ideal and maximal-ideal) of an ordered semigroup (S, ·,≤) and the corresponding, hyperideals of its EL-hyperstructure (S, ∗) (if exists). Moreover, we construct the class of EL-Γ-semihypergroup, associated to a partially-ordered Γsemigroup.