The most frequent measure of phylogenetic uncertainty for splits is bootstrap support. Although large bootstrap support intuitively suggests that a split in a tree is well supported, it has not been clear how large bootstrap support needs to be to conclude that there is significant evidence that a hypothesized split is present. Indeed, recent work has shown that bootstrap support is not first-o...

In this paper we investigate the large-sample behavior of the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of the unknown parameter θ for processes following the model dξt = θf(t)ξt dt+ dBt where f : R → R is a continuous function with period, say P > 0, and which is observed through continuous time interval [0, T ] as T → ∞. Here the periodic function f(·) is assumed known. We establish the consistency o...

This tutorial describes a parameter estimation technique that is little-known in social sciences, namely maximum a posteriori estimation. This technique can be used in conjunction with prior knowledge to improve maximum likelihood estimation of the best-fitting parameters of a data set. The estimates are based on the mode of the posterior distribution of a Bayesian analysis. The relationship be...

This paper concerns the estimation of the parameters that describe a stable distribution. Stable distributions are characterised by four parameters which can be estimated using a number of methods and although approximate maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) techniques do exist, they are computationally intensive. There are a number of techniques that are much faster thanMLE and these are the fo...

in the last decades, rice yields in south asian countries grew tremendously in one hand and a noticeable yield fluctuation on the other. the objective of this study was to examine the rice yield distributions, estimate yield risks at country level, and compare risks between five countries namely afghanistan, bangladesh, nepal, sri lanka, and pakistan. anderson darling (ad) test was applied to t...