Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis 168 was studied in chemostat cultures. Sporulation occurred at high frequency under limitation of growth by glucose or the nitrogen source in minimal medium, whereas rates of sporulation were low for Mg'+, phosphate, citrate, or tryptophan limitation. Sporulation was found at all growth rates tested, and the incidence of spores increased with decrease in growth ...

Polysomes were isolated from an enterotoxigenic strain of Clostridium perfringens during vegetative growth and at 1-h intervals after transfer into Duncan-Strong sporulation medium. During vegetative growth, about 67% of the ribosomes were in polysomal complexes. This proportion decreased to about 20% during the first 2 h in sporulation medium and then gradually increased to a maximum of 45% at...

Moniliophthora Pod Rot (MPR) caused by the fungus Moniliophthora roreri (Cif.) Evans et al., is one of the main limiting factors of cocoa production in Latin America. Currently insufficient information on the biology and epidemiology of the pathogen limits the development of efficient management options to control MPR. This research aims to elucidate MPR development through the following daily ...

The objective of the present study was to investigate the optimal nutritional requirements for mycelial growth and sporulation of entomopathogenic fungus Aschersonia aleyrodis Webber by orthogonal layout methods. Herein the order of effects of nutrient components on mycelial growth was tryptone > Ca(2+) > soluble starch > folacin, corresponding to the following optimal concentrations: 1.58% Sol...

The increasing need for alternative fuels to replace fossil has made bioethanol a promising option. Although numerous sources of sugar generation and agricultural wastes can be converted into ethanol, Avocado Seeds (AS) are particularly attractive as raw materials due their abundance, high carbohydrate content, lack interactions with the food chain. Therefore, this study investigated potential ...

tamarinda (tamarindus indica) and indian gum arabica (acacia arabica) are two ornamental trees of beautiful shape, extensive shading, and tolerant to high temperatures, making them suitable alternatives for landscape design in warm- arid regions. tamarinda and indian gum arabica are commonly propagated by seed. however, seed physical dormancy causes delay in seed germination. this study was car...

Variability in growth and sporulation of five isolates of Arthrobotrys dactyloides was studied on five agar, 6 bran and 5 grain media. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) supported maximum growth of isolate A, C and E, while growth of isolate B and D was significantly lower on this medium. On Czapek's agar and yeast glucose agar media the differentiation in the isolates in relation to growth was poor th...

Background and Objective: Pain is a normal and inevitable phenomenon in childbirth. The present study aimed to compare the effects of brewed dill seeds and oxytocin on the intensity of labor pain. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 100 participants. A total of 100 cards labeled A or B were prepared and placed in a container; each participant randomly picked one card; t...