The current tests of anxiety in mice and rats used in preclinical research include the elevated plus-maze (EPM) or zero-maze (EZM), the light/dark box (LDB), and the open-field (OF). They are currently very popular, and despite their poor achievements, they continue to exert considerable constraints on the development of novel approaches. Hence, a novel anxiety test needs to be compared with th...

Plus-maze following the microinjection of muscimol into the dorsal periaqueductal gray of the rat Performance no labirinto em cruz elevado após microinjeção de muscimol na substância cinzenta periaquedutal dorsal do rato Dear Editor, Some experimental findings have indicated that the rat dorsal periaqueductal gray (DPAG) is part of a longitudinally organized neural system responsible for behavi...

The aim of this analysis was to assess antidepressant & nootropic capacity Bougainvillea Glabra aqueous extract (BGAE). Forced swim test, tail suspension tetrabenazine mediated catalepsy ptosis models were used BGAE's efficacy in mice at doses 250 500 mg/kg orally. Morris water maze with elevated plus (EPM) test behaviour. Normal medications for function imipramine (25 mg/kg) piracetam (300...

the methanolic leaf extract of thuja occidentalis was evaluated for possible sedative activities in mice. sedative activity was evaluated by using hole cross, open field, thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time and elevated-plus maze (epm) tests at 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg.  the extract decreased the locomotor activity of mice in hole cross, open field and epm test and showed the remarkable resul...

The effect of two supplements containing resveratrol (“Resveratrol” and “Enoant”) on the psycho-emotional state animals with an initial index anxiety depression above 0.5 was studied. For this, “Elevated plus maze” (EPM) “Forced swim test” (FST) were used. “Resveratrol” significantly reduces depressivity (ID) in males 7th 14th days application, females – only day. No significant influence (AI) ...

Objective Royal jelly is a honey bee secretion with beneficial effects on the nervous system. The present study aims to investigate of royal in reducing seizure and anxiety-like behaviors Syrian rats. Methods This an experimental study. In model, 25 male white rats were randomly divided into five groups: Control, 100 mg/kg, 200 400 phenobarbital. After 30 minutes, strychnine was injected induce...

The elevated plus-maze (EPM) is currently used to study the neural basis of anxiety as well as to assess the anxietymodulating activity of various pharmacological agents. Although the anxiogenic stimulus is supposed to be the open space in this test, the anxiety-related behavioral baseline of rats is sensitive to numerous methodological-linked parameters [1]. In order to improve the quality of ...

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a neurotropic parasite with lifelong persistence in the host brain. Many researchers suggested toxoplasmosis as risk factor for development of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, link between them has not been fully elucidated. Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate effects chronic infection Types I (RH), II (PRU), and III (VEG) strains alone c...

As well as being considered a reliable measurement instrument of animal anxiety-like behavior, the elevated plus-maze (EPM) is also used as a post-hoc test to evaluate emotionality in genetically modified rodents. The present review considers factors which may further improve the validity (predictive/face/construct) of the EPM model: (1) the importance of measuring defensive patterns of respons...

This paper is focused on affective and cognitive disorders induced by direct exposure to lead chloride (Pb) the possible implication of oxidative stress in male WISTAR rats. Using stereotaxic surgery, a group wistar rats received an intracerebral injection 3 μL (1 mg / L) into right hippocampus or 0.9% Nacl for shame operated controls groups. After 4 days rest, series benchmark neurobehavioral ...