Is There a Commercial Case Timber certification is not expected to provide for Tropical Timber significant commercial Certification? benefits to developing countries in the near future. Revenues from certification Panayotis N. Varangis are limited by the share of Rachel Crossley trade destined for "ecoCarlos A. Primo Braga sensitive" markets and by the size of the "green premium." The costs of ...

The combustibility of natural wood presents a negative impact for using this material in buildings. Timber elements can be cladded with boards made non-combustible materials. This study represents group options increasing the resistance timber against effects fire and possibility slowing down effect thermal degradation wood. aim is focused on an experimental testing structures protected by ceme...

12 The profitability of uncontrolled logging can be a significant obstacle to sustainable forest 13 management, especially in the tropics. Rice et al. (1997) have argued that not only does 14 traditional selective logging provide higher returns but also incurs less damage to forests than 15 sustainable forest management systems that involve harvesting of many species and the creation 16 of larg...

Timber prices belong to the most important variables affecting the optimality of forest management. On the other hand, forecasting of timber prices is very uncertain. One difficulty when using past time series data in forecasting future timber price development is the possibility of changes in the markets and in the society at large. Expert knowledge can be applied in forecasting of timber pric...

The development of the profession and practice of forestry in the United States can be linked to urgent concerns regarding timber shortages in the late 19th century (Williams 1989). These were based largely on perceived failures of forest landowners to protect or invest enough in the productive capacity of their forests (Manthy 1977). The South, as the only major timberproducing region of the U...

BACKGROUND A large proportion of the tropical rain forests of central Africa undergo periodic selective logging for timber harvesting. The REDD+ mechanism could promote less intensive logging if revenue from the additional carbon stored in the forest compensates financially for the reduced timber yield. RESULTS Carbon stocks, and timber yields, and their associated values, were predicted at t...

A dramatic increase in railway car axle loads has occurred over the past 50 years. This paper presents the results of an experimental program undertaken at the University of Manitoba to evaluate the structural performance and durability of treated timber bridge ties under different load levels. A portion of a prototype bridge deck, consisting of eight prototype timber ties, was tested under var...

I compared physical, chemical and biological characteristics of nine rivers running through three timber harvest regimes to investigate the effects of land use on river ecosystems, to determine whether these corresponded to changes linked with downstream location, and to compare the response of different types of indicator variables. Physical variables changed with downstream location, but vari...