objective(s):intermittent hypoxia (ih), caused by obstructive sleep apnea (osa), could cause hippocampus or neuron damage through multiple signaling pathways, while the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. thus, the present study aimed to explore the effect of ih on the biological functions of microglia cells. materials and methods:cell proliferation of bv2 cells after exposure to ih were o...

Animals acquire predictive values of sensory stimuli through reinforcement. In the brain of Drosophila melanogaster, activation of two types of dopamine neurons in the PAM and PPL1 clusters has been shown to induce aversive odor memory. Here, we identified the third cell type and characterized aversive memories induced by these dopamine neurons. These three dopamine pathways all project to the ...

potassium bromide (kbr), an old antiepileptic agent, is illegally used in pharmaceutical or food industries to improve the product appearance. kbr has been proven to influence several pathways which are important in memory formation. therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of kbr on spatial working memory using object recognition task (ort). rats received a single dose of kbr ...

Emerging evidence suggests that dietary-derived flavonoids have the potential to improve human memory and neuro-cognitive performance via their ability to protect vulnerable neurons, enhance existing neuronal function and stimulate neuronal regeneration. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is widely considered to be one of the major mechanisms underlying memory acquisition, consolidation and storage i...

Abstract Cognitive impairment in Brazil is a growing population health concern. Studies suggest that may have one of the highest age-standardized prevalence Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) world. However, improving education attainment among older adults lead to decline cognitive across coming years. The purpose this study examine pathways link educational functioning Brazil, h...

Working memory relies on information processing by several well-identified gray matter regions. However, the white matter regions and pathways involved in this cognitive process remain unknown. An attractive and underexplored approach to study white matter connectivity in cognitive functions is through the use of non-aprioristic models, which specifically search disrupted white matter pathways....

titanium dioxide is one kind of important materials, which has been extensively investigated because of its unique electronic and optical properties. a large number of efforts have been made to synthesize tio2 materials with different methods. in this review paper, we summarize the synthesis pathways, morphology, as well as crystallization of the nanostructured tio2. in addition, we also mentio...