Prospective relations between personality traits and mental disorders were assessed in a longitudinal study of a representative birth cohort of young men and women from Dunedin, New Zealand. Personality traits were assessed via self-report questionnaire at age 18, and mental disorders were assessed via diagnostic interview at both ages 18 and 21. High "negative emotionality" (a propensity to ex...

BACKGROUND Over the past decades, psychiatry, as a science and a clinical discipline, has witnessed profound changes. AIMS To examine whether these changes are reflected in changes in the public's conceptualisation of mental disorders, the acceptance of mental health treatment and attitudes towards people with mental illness. METHOD In 1990 and 2011, population surveys were conducted in Ger...

Author information Paula Parsonage, Director, Health & Safety Developments, Auckland Lealofi Siō, Project Manager Pacific Mental Health & Addictions, Counties Manukau District Health Board Ti’a Kirkpatrick Mariner, Programme Manager, Pacific Health Division/Mental Health & Addictions, Counties Manukau District Health Board Natalie Leger, Project Manager Pacific Mental Health & Addictions, Count...

BACKGROUND To investigate the association between nicotine dependence (ND), by cigarette smoking and use of smokeless tobacco (UST), and mental disorders. METHOD Face-to-face surveys (n=43 093) were conducted in the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Nicotine use, ND, and mental disorders were assessed using DSM-IV criteria. RESULTS UST-ND wa...

A central question in prescribing opioids for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is how to best balance the risk of opioid abuse and dependence with the benefits of pain relief. To achieve this balance, clinicians need an understanding of the risk factors for opioid abuse, an issue that is only partially understood. We conducted a secondary data analysis of regional VA longitudinal administrative d...

BACKGROUND Many studies have examined factors associated with the first onset of cannabis use and abuse. Currently, there is relatively little research regarding conditions under which cannabis dependence is more likely to emerge. Although previous studies have examined different potential determinants of cannabis dependence, to our knowledge, a systematic review is lacking. AIMS The study ai...

Many people diagnosed with mental illnesses struggle with illicit drug addiction. These individuals are often treated with psychiatric medications, yet little is known about how they experience this treatment. Research on the subjective experience of psychiatric medication use highlights the complex, contradictory, and ambiguous feelings often associated with this treatment. However, for those ...

Abst rac t Objective: The objectives of this study are to present the creation and operation of a support network to help physicians in Brazil, describe the socio-demographic profile, and investigate the prevalence of mental disorders and chemical dependence among physicians seeking treatment. Method: Semi-structured interviews using ICD-10 criteria were conducted to obtain data regarding alcoh...

BACKGROUND Mental disorder is a leading cause of morbidity worldwide. Its cost and negative impact on productivity are substantial. Consequently, improving mental health-care system efficiency - especially service utilisation - is a priority. Few studies have explored the use of services by specific subgroups of persons with mental disorder; a better understanding of these individuals is key to...

In research at the interface of personality and intellectual development, an important issue concerns the distinction between cognitive ability and cognitive style. Achenbach and Weisz (1975). recently demonstrated that the distinction is rather difficult to draw with respect to the cognitive style dimension of impulsivity-reflectivity. Another widely studied cognitive style construct that dese...