leprosy is an ancient disease, known from south asia since at least 2000 bce. while there is no physical evidence of this disease in the region before about 50 ce, five different words are translated as “leprosy” in mesopotamian texts and some of them occur frequently. based on the texts, one word (garāṣu) is rarely used and there is evidence that the other four words relate to diseases that we...

the interactions between southeastern sites of iranian plateau and western sites in susa and mesopotamia in the third millennium b.c is one of the most controversial aspects of the near eastern archaeology. it seems that with some structural changes in these sites from the middle of 4th millennium b.c that led to long distance trade between mesopotamia and indus valley, these sites were related...

We present the geomorphological map of northwestern part Kurdistan Region Iraq, where landscape expresses tectonic activity associated with Arabia-Eurasia convergence and Neogene climate change. These processes influenced evolution landforms fluvial pathways, major rivers Tigris, Khabur, Great Zab incise Northeastern Mesopotamia Anticlinal ridges syncline trough compose Zagros orogen. The devel...