Work of breathing necessary to trigger a ventilator (WOBtr) was calculated during pressure support ventilation (PSV), and the effect of bias flow on WOBtr was evaluated. A spring-loaded bellows type lung model with two bellows placed in series was used to simulate spontaneous breathing. A Venturi mechanism of jet flow generated subatmospheric pressure inside the diaphragm bellows simulated insp...

Determining the information content of animal vocalisations can give valuable insights into the potential functions of vocal signals. The source-filter theory of vocal production allows researchers to examine the information content of mammal vocalisations by linking variation in acoustic features with variation in relevant physical characteristics of the caller. Here I used a source-filter the...

Determining the information content of vocal signals and understanding morphological modifications of vocal anatomy are key steps towards revealing the selection pressures acting on a given species' vocal communication system. Here, we used a combination of acoustic and anatomical data to investigate whether male koala bellows provide reliable information on the caller's body size, and to confi...

Abstract This paper discusses a pressure control and monitoring system to improve the reliability of borehole extraction processes. Borehole processes can quality high-viscosity oil stimulation also be used in biofuel production by providing necessary performance. is based on bellows-type device capable withstanding high pressures. The presented has number advantages compared with counterparts:...

Abstract A multi-layer welded bellows made of 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 was found to have leakage points in the heat-affected zone weld during airtight inspection and leak detection by helium mass spectrometry. In view multilayer bellows, reasons for areanalyzed means macroscopic observation, electron microscope energy spectrum analysis, metallographic examination, microhardness test chemical composition a...

Abstract In general use of an automatic sphygmomanometer is essential to generate small and stable pressure during the rapid expansion bladder cuff. The generated by simulator should simulate human blood such as simulation for infant, neonatal adult or conditions normal, hypertension, hypotension. system consists three combinations generation, a dc motor rough air cylinder maintaining stabiliza...

The paper presents a new parallel micromanipulator that is composed of three piezohydraulic actuation systems. The basic elements of the actuation system are a piezoelectric actuator, a bellows and hydraulic oil. The use of the flexible bellows results in a new type of parallel structure, where the joints are integrated into actuator links. The joint-free tripod-like micromanipulator is control...