This article comments on some ways in which metaphor is relevant to practical language technology, for either text or speech. While the article mentions some deep problems, it nevertheless points out that certain issues are less troublesome than they might appear to be, and that metaphor in real discourse has some characteristics that could help, rather than hinder, practical discourseprocessin...

We argue for the necessity of resolution of metonymies for nominals (and other cases) in the context of semantics-based machine translation. By using an ontology as a search space, we are able to identify and resolve metonymic expressions with significant accuracy, both for a pre-deterrnined inventory of metonymie types and for previously unseen cases. The entity replaced by the metonymy is mad...

This study aims to discover the figurative language and its meaning in song lyrics used "Midnights" album. The data included of all songs (13 songs) from Taylor Swift's employed a descriptive qualitative method as well content analysis design describe types lyrics. findings revealed that eight were album's lyrics: personification, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, irony, litotes, metonymy, oxymoron....

Our ordinary, human conceptual systems struggle daily with complex ideas and language. Indeed, the most complex thoughts often demand speci!c cognitive inventions to make their comprehension easier, and one of the most common strategies for improving comprehension is metaphor. Metaphor, of course, has a speci!c interpretation in literary studies, but, in the !eld of linguistics, its meaning is ...

Metonymy, like metaphor, has received much attention in cognitive linguistics literature (Croft, 1993; Kövecses & Radden, 1998; Panther & Radden, 1999). Most experimental work focuses on comprehension. However, why a speaker would choose to produce a metonym in some cases and not others is not fully understood. Connectionist models are well-suited to deal with the partialsemantic/partial-syntac...