This study examines the processing of metaphoric reference by bilingual speakers. English dominant, Spanish dominant, and balanced bilinguals read passages in English biasing either a figurative (e.g., describing a weak and soft fighter that always lost and everyone hated) or a literal (e.g., describing a donut and bakery shop that made delicious pastries) meaning of a critical metaphoric refer...

Abstract Since its emergence, bio-art has developed numerous metaphors central to the transfer of concepts modern biology, genetics, and genomics public domain that reveal several cultural, ethical, social variations in their related themes. This article assumes a general typology by practices can be categorised into two categories: pictorial operational metaphors. Through these, information re...

Due to inconsistent findings, the role of the two cerebral hemispheres in processing metaphoric language is controversial. The present study examined the possibility that these inconsistent findings may be due, at least partly, to differences in the type (i.e., words vs sentences) or the familiarity of the linguistic material. Previous research has shown that novel two-word metaphoric expressio...

This paper explores the informationtheoretic measure entropy to detect metaphoric change, transferring ideas from hypernym detection to research on language change. We also build the first diachronic test set for German as a standard for metaphoric change annotation. Our model shows high performance, is unsupervised, language-independent and generalizable to other processes of semantic change.

In his reply to my article, Raymond Gibbs provides further information about the thinking underlying claims for metaphoric representation. As he points out, I was not able to review some of the theoretical rationale underlying claims for metaphoric thought, such as the issue of embodiment. He also describes further empirical evidence for the notion of metaphoric concepts. To summarize my rebutt...

For future doctors, it is quite common to use metaphors in therapy. In the therapy process, one goal for therapists develop that can present client’s problem as a solution. The solution should be close possible own language. Here, seen tool provide explanations and communicate with clients. Therefore, cultivate students’ of therapy, after watching analyzing video nervous sys...

Lifelong competence development is a fundamental premise for an information society, as well as major aim and challenge. Facing the variety of learning programs and qualification measures, problems emerge in supporting lifelong learning. Efficient competence development necessitates providing learners with learning opportunities which are appropriate for their current knowledge and for their in...

Higher levels of discourse processing evoke patterns of cognition and brain activation that extend beyond the literal comprehension of sentences. We used fMRI to examine brain activation patterns while 16 healthy participants read brief three-sentence stories that concluded with either a literal, metaphoric, or ironic sentence. The fMRI images acquired during the reading of the critical sentenc...

In recent decades, psychoanalysts have examined the role of metaphor in psychodynamic theory and therapy, but the uses of metaphor in psychoanalytic research have received only modest attention. After briefly reviewing extant psychoanalytic writings on metaphor, we discuss how research from outside psychoanalysis (i.e., studies of embodied affect–space links, mental images and prototypes, and a...