This review covers the progress made in research on microbial a-amylase, a highly demanded industrial enzyme in various sectors such as food, pharmaceuticals, textiles, detergents, etc. Amylases are of ubiquitous occurrence and hold the maximum market share of enzyme sales. The article surveys the a-amylase family and the major characteristics, microbial sources, production aspects, downstream ...

Due to the emerging environmental issues related to e-waste there is concern about the quality of paddy soils near e-waste workshops. The levels of heavy metals and PCBs and their influence on the enzyme activity and microbial community of paddy soils obtained from the immediate vicinity of an e-waste workshop were investigated in the present study. The results indicated that the heavy metal an...

1. Historical Background 2. Enzyme Classification 3. Enzyme Production 3.1. Microbial Production Strains 3.2. Enzyme Production by Microbial Fermentation 4. Protein Engineering 5. Enzyme Technology 6. Large-Scale Enzyme Applications 6.1. Detergents 6.2. Starch Hydrolysis and Fructose Production 6.3. Drinks 6.4. Textiles 6.5. Animal Feed 6.6. Baking 6.7. Pulp and Paper 6.8. Leather 7. Specialty ...

Abstract Aims An essential task of agricultural systems is to improve internal phosphorus (P) recycling. Cover crops and tillage reduction can increase sustainability, but it not known whether stimulation the soil microbial community availability organic P pools. Methods In a field experiment in southwest Germany, effects winter cover crop mixture (vs. bare fallow) no-till non-inversion tillage...

Abstract Background and aims The characterisation of plant-available phosphorus (P) pools the assessment microbial community in rhizosheath cover crops can improve our understanding plant–microbe interactions P availability. Methods Mustard ( Sinapis alba ), phacelia Phacelia tanacetifolia ) buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum were grown as before soybean Glycine max an on-farm experiment on a soil ...

The study of electroactive microbial biofilms often requires knowledge of the biofilm thickness. Unfortunately, this parameter is, nowadays, only accessible through expensive microscopic techniques. This work overcomes this limitation by presenting a new strategy, exploiting the use of chronoamperometry (CA) alone. A mixed-culture biofilm is exposed to an O2-saturated solution during anode resp...

Microbial enzymes play a fundamental role in ecosystem processes and nutrient mineralization. Therefore understanding enzyme responses to anthropogenic environmental change is important for predicting ecosystem function in the future. In a previous study, we used a reciprocal transplant design to examine the direct and indirect effects of drought and nitrogen (N) fertilization on litter decompo...

Effects of elevated CO(2) on soil microorganisms are known to be mediated by various interactions with plants, for which such effects are relatively poorly documented. In this review, we summarize and synthesize results from studies assessing impacts of elevated CO(2) on soil ecosystems, focusing primarily on plants and a variety the of microbial processes. The processes considered include chan...

Study of antibiotics has furnished interesting materials to chemistry of natural products. I initiated the screening study of enzyme inhibitors produced by microorganisms and isolated leupeptin and antipain inhibiting trypsin and papain, chymostatin inhibiting chymotrypsin, pepstatin inhibiting pepsin, panosialin inhibiting sialidases, oudenone inhibiting tyrosine hydroxylase, dopastin inhibiti...

The mixed microbial communities that occur naturally on lignocellulosic feedstocks can provide feedstock-specific enzyme mixtures to saccharify lignocelluloses. Bacterial-fungal communities were enriched from switchgrass bales to deconstruct ammonia-pretreated switchgrass (DSG). Correlation analysis was carried out to elucidate the relationship between microbial decomposition of DSG by these co...