This tutorial review first details the uncontrolled microemulsion polymerization mechanism, and the RAFT polymerization mechanism to provide the necessary background for examining the RAFT microemulsion polymerization mechanism. The effect of the chain transfer agent per micelle ratio and the chain transfer agent aqueous solubility on the RAFT microemulsion polymerization kinetics, polymer mole...

Fexofenadine (FEX) has high solubility and low permeability (BCS, Class III). In this work, novel FEX loaded water in oil microemulsion (w/o) was designed to improve bioavailability and compared with Fexofen(®) syrup in in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition, pharmacokinetic parameters in permeability studies were estimated by using WinNonLin software program. w/o microemulsion system was op...

A biocompatible microemulsion system comprising of isopropyl myristate (IPM) as oil, tween 80 as a non-ionic surfactant and isobuthanol as co-surfactant was studied experimentally at 298.15 K. The pseudo-ternary phase diagram for the microemulsion system has been delineated at different surfactant to co-surfactant mass ratio of 1:1, 2.4:1 and 4:1. Some physico-chemical properties such as densit...

The primary aim of the present study was to develop a novel microemulsion (ME) formulation to deliver phenylethanoid glycoside (PG) for use in skin lighteners and sunscreens. The oil phase was selected on the basis of drug solubility, while the surfactant and cosurfactant were screened and selected on the basis of their solubilizing capacity and the efficiency with which they formed MEs. Pseudo...

The objective of the present investigation was to develop a parenteral microemulsion delivering artemether, a hydrophobic antimalarial drug and to evaluate antimalarial activity of the microemulsion in comparison to the marketed oily injection of artemether (Larither(®)). The microemulsion was evaluated for various parameters such as globule size, ability to withstand centrifugation and freeze-...

Purpose: Diltiazem, a calcium ion cellular influx inhibitor is known for its limited and variable bioavailability. This study is intended to explore the benefits of microemulsion formulation as oral drug delivery system for immediate release to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of Diltiazem. Methods: Oil in water microemulsion was prepared using the simple water titration method. The opt...

BACKGROUND Considering the observations that linoleic acid conjugated with paclitaxel (CLA-PTX) possesses antitumor activity against brain tumors, is able to cross the blood-brain barrier, but has poor water solubility, the purpose of this study was to prepare a novel CLA-PTX microemulsion and evaluate its activity against brain tumors in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The in vitro cytotoxicity o...

The goal of this study was to develop a parenteral microemulsion formulation of cyclosporine A (CyA). The CyA solubility in caprylic capric triglyceride (GTCC), ethyl oleate and soybean oil were determined. The pseudo-ternary diagrams of oil (GTCC), surfactant (Solutol® HS-15), cosurfactants (ethanol/polyethylene glycol 400 [PEG 400] mixture) and water were constructed to identify boundaries fo...

Solvation dynamics in a neat ionic liquid, 1-pentyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetra-flouroborate ([pmim][BF4]) and its microemulsion in Triton X-100 (TX-100)/benzene is studied using femtosecond up-conversion. In both the neat ionic liquid and the microemulsion, the solvation dynamics is found to depend on excitation wavelength (lambda(ex)). The lambda(ex) dependence is attributed to structural hete...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to predict microemulsion structures by creating two artificial evolutionary neural networks (ANN) combined with a genetic algorithm. The first ANN would be able to determine the type of microemulsion from the desired composition, and the second to determine the type of microemulsion directly from a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve. METHODS Th...