introduction: counting is of the most basic mathematical abilities. many researches have demonstrated that different perceptual abilities can affect counting skills. we investigated the impact of visual search (vs) and visuoumotor organization (vmo) on counting speed. material  and  methods:   a  total  of  40  people  in  two  groups  of borderline  and  normal intellectual ability (20 subject...

Marine microorganisms degrading porphyran (POR) were found on the surface of thalli of Porphyra yezoensis. Fifteen crude microorganism groups softened and liquefied the surface of agar-rich plate medium. Among these, 11 microorganism groups degraded porphyran that consisted of sulfated polysaccharide in Porphyra yezoensis. Following isolation, 7 POR-degradable microorganisms were isolated from ...

Stable isotope probing (SIP) was used to identify the aerobic toluene-degrading microorganism in soil microcosms. Several approaches (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and quantitative PCR) provided evidence that the microorganism responsible was a member of the genus Polaromonas and could grow on toluene. This microorganism also transformed benzene, b...

Quantitatively analyzing the (population) growth of a microorganism is a crucial task in characterizing fast-evolving microbes and in studying the effect of antibiotic agents. Conventionally, the growth of a microbial batch culture is followed by direct or indirect cell enumerating measurements on manually extracted culture aliquots at different times of incubation. Although routinely practiced...

Microorganisms are believed to create microenvironments leading to reaction products not predictable from equilibrium thermodynamics and to unique biomineral morphologies. Unambiguous evidence for such environments is, however, rare in natural samples. We have used scanning transmission x-ray microscopy and spectromicroscopy at the sub-40-nm scale, coupled with transmission electron microscopy,...

Correctly identifying nearest "neighbors" of a given microorganism is important in industrial and clinical applications where close relationships imply similar treatment. Microbial classification based on similarity of physiological and genetic organism traits (polyphasic similarity) is experimentally difficult and, arguably, subjective. Evolutionary relatedness, inferred from phylogenetic mark...

effect of different concentrations of ammonium chloride (ncl) and ammonium nitrate (nn)and surfactants such as tween-80, hpcd and rhamnolipids on the bioremediation of pahs and ocps wasinvestigated. the results showed that the best optimum concentration of ncl and nn was 50 g·kg-1, and thepahs degradation rate during 60 days of remediation was enhanced to 64.6% and 62.8% for ncl and nn,respecti...