Confocal microscopy is based on measurement of intensity of fluorescence originating from a limited volume in the imaged specimen. The intensity is quantized in absolute (albeit arbitrary) units, producing a digital 3D micrograph. Thus, one may obtain quantitative information on local concentration of biomolecules in cells and tissues. This approach requires estimation of precision of light mea...

A coherence-controlled holographic microscope (CCHM) was developed particularly for quantitative phase imaging and measurement of live cell dynamics, which is the proper subject of digital holographic microscopy (DHM). CCHM in low-coherence mode extends DHM in the study of living cells. However, this advantage is compensated by sensitivity of the system to easily become misaligned, which is a s...

A technic is described for high resolution intracellular autoradiography in the electron microscope. Cultures of LLC-MK(2) monkey kidney cells were incubated for 72 hours in a medium containing 0.4 microcurie per ml of thymidine-H(3). After labeling, the cells were fixed with osmium tetroxide and embedded in methacrylate. Ultrathin sections of the labeled tissue were taken up on Formvar-coated ...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool for studying tribology (adhesion, friction, and lubrication) at the nanoscale and is emerging as a critical tool for nanomanufacturing. However, nanoscale wear is a key limitation of conventional AFM probes that are made of silicon and silicon nitride (SiNx). Here we present a method for systematically quantifying tip wear, which consists of sequ...

Tissues fixed in osmium tetroxide or in combined osmium and glutaraldehyde (Hinde), embedded in Spurr's medium, cut at 0-5-I mum and mounted in Farrants' gum medium containing ethyl gallate, show good staining of lipid-contaning structures (droplets of triglyceride, membranes, mitochondria, etc.) in the light microscope. Such preparations show moderate contrast in the electron microscope withou...

Two methods of teaching first-year mcdto the students. Both groups were evaluical students peripheral blood morpholated by a quiz consisting of actual blood ogy were compared. A group of 27 smears. Although the mean learning time students learned using a self-teaching per student for the color slide group was audiovisual method of 35-mm color slides significantly shorter than that for the accom...

An expanded account is given of a simple modification to an ordinary beamsplitting microscope, which renders it stereoscopic. The full aperture of the objective is used, so the method is applicable to all powers of the microscope. The method involves dividing the lower focal plane of the condenser into left and right halves with opposite polarization by means of Polaroid, and isolating the two ...

Healthcare Delivery Systems are becoming overloaded in developing countries like India and China. It is imperative that more efficient and cost effective processes are employed. One such requirement is the automatic detection of malaria parasites in stained blood smears. Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease. Each year Malaria kills between one and three million people. The most conven...

To satisfy the demands of the continuous zoom stereo microscope, a parfocality measurement method is proposed. First, the mechanical parameters of the focusing system are estimated by testing the highest and the lowest displacements of the lens group and the rotation angle of the knob simultaneously. Second, by analyzing images captured under different zoom rates, the relatively sharpest displa...