PURPOSE Although optimizing endogenous testosterone production before testicular sperm extraction is commonly practiced, whether improved preoperative testosterone levels enhance sperm retrieval remains unclear. We evaluated the influence of preoperative medical therapy in men with nonobstructive azoospermia before microdissection testicular sperm extraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the patterns of chromosome abnormalities in embryos derived from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) or testicular sperm extraction (TESE) in comparison to embryos that are derived from naturally ejaculated (EJAC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male partners with azoospermia who required MESA or TESE for ICSI were ...

The last 20 years have produced developments in the treatment for patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) who were once considered to be infertile. The combination of intracytoplasmic sperm injection together with various testicular sperm retrieval techniques, including conventional testicular sperm extraction (TESE), microdissection TESE (micro-TESE) and fine needle aspiration (FNA), h...

PURPOSE We review the history of the cryopreservation of human sperm. The current methods of cryopreservation and indications are highlighted, and the success rates of the various uses of cryopreserved sperm are reviewed. Potential adverse sequelae of human cryopreservation are also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Indications for cryopreservation include several applications, namely homologo...

Background: Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) is due to different forms of spermatogenic failure and affects the majority of azoospermic patients. In many NOA cases spermatogenesis was shown to be focal with a “patchy distribution”. Different surgical sperm retrieval techniques have been developed to obtain gametes from the testicles of azoospermic men seeking fertility treatment. Nowadays, test...

BACKGROUND Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) with ICSI is becoming the first-line treatment for non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Recently, the sperm retrieval rate (SRR) by microdissection TESE was reported to be higher than by conventional TESE. However, a comprehensive comparison between multiple and microdissection TESE patients including histological findings has not been reported. MET...

OBJECTIVES Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) is an optimal technique of sperm extraction for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. This study is to present our experience in micro-TESE and evaluate the relation of its sperm retrieval rate (SRR) with patients' characteristics, testicular functions, and histological parameters as well as previous sperm retrieval interventions. ...

INTRODUCTION Rare foci of sperm production may be found in up to 60% of men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). Sperm production, if present, is minimal for sperm appearance in the ejaculate. Given that there are no treatment options to restore fertility, sperm retrieval is the only alternative to find testicular sperm than then can be used for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Among sperm acqui...