Switchgrass is a promising lignocellulosic biomass for fuel-ethanol production. However, pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials is necessary to improve its susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis. The objectives of this study were to examine the feasibility of microwave pretreatment to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of switchgrass and to determine the optimal pretreatment conditions. Switchgras...

A quasi-analytic model has been developed to examine energy conversion during the microwave sintering of a ceramic that is surrounded by a susceptor. Low-loss ceramics, such as ZrO2, couple poorly with microwave radiation at low temperatures; however, because the dielectric loss usually increases rapidly as temperature increases, coupling improves dramatically at high temperatures. To improve h...

Effects of dust particles on microwave radiation over the Taklamakan desert are studied with use of measurements from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) on the EOS Aqua satellite and a microwave radiation transfer model. Eight observed cases show that the signal from atmospheric dust can be separated from the surface radiation by the fact that the dust particles produce stronge...

*Corresponding author: Dr. Zhong-Li Gao, Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, #126 Xiantai Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, P.R. China, 130033. Fax: +860 43 184611598 E-mail: [email protected] Background: Microwave Thermotherapy has been gradually used in radiotherapy and it is reported that microwave radiation increases bone demineralization ...

alzheimer’s disease, the most common type of dementia and a progressive neurode-generative disease, occurs when the nerve cells in the brain die. although there are medications that can help delay the development of alzheimer’s disease, there is cur-rently no cure for this disease. exposure to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation may cause adverse health effects such as cancer. looking at the ot...

Microwave radiation at 3.4-4.2 GHz frequency of the cytochrome P450 CYP102 A1 (BM3) solution was registered during the lauric acid hydroxylation reaction. The microwave radiation generation was shown to occur following the addition of electron donor NADPH to a system containing an enzyme and a substrate. The radiation occurs for the enzyme solutions with enzyme concentrations of 10-8 and 10-9 М...

At the present time, the research programs of the Environmental Biophysics Branch cover essentially two areas-nonionizing radiation (microwaves) and noise (auditory and nonauditory effects). Two new programs-the biological effects of light and molecular biophysics-will be started in the very near future. It is the aim of scientists working in the microwave program to develop new microwave expos...

Background: Mobile phones, use electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range. On the other hand, there is only one report on radioprotective effects of flaxseed oil. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of irradiation of rats with microwaves and/or treatment with flaxseed oil on the induction of adaptive response to a subsequent lethal dose (LD) of gamma rays. Materia...

Background: Whether exposure to common electromagnetic fields affects human health adversely has been a controversial issue. The main goal of this study was to assess the role of 900 MHz microwave radiations with different specific absorption rates (SARs), emitted from some widely used cell phones, on the induction of adaptive response in male Balb/c mice after receiving a lethal dose of gamma ...

The water core of reverse micelles has been extensively used as the site for synthesis of a variety of materials. However, water-in-oil reverse micelles have a limited range of temperatures over which they are stable as a single phase. Directing heat to the water cores, the usual site of synthesis without heating the bulk provides added opportunities for synthesis. Microwave radiation is a meth...