The Nigerian Armed Forces personnel have over the years maintained a track record of effective peace keeping campaigns in the world. The role Nigeria played in especially crises ridden Sierra Leone and Liberia can not be overemphasized. Paradoxically though, this record does not seem to be playing out in their security and crisis operations in the country. Analysts would quickly make reference ...

The study is based about comparison of civil-military regimes (1999-2018). main objective the to explore educational reforms/policies and analyze internal / eternal factors related failure system in Pakistan. Education plays a usually role advancement protection National Identity. However, being ideological state Western countries considered Pakistan nurturing anti west approaches amongst few M...

The question "what causes alignment?" is a central issue in debates on American foreign policy, and the choices that are made often turn on which hypotheses of alliance formation are endorsed. In general, those who believe that American security is fragile most often assume that Soviet allies are reliable and America's are prone to defect, while those who believe it is robust tend to view Ameri...

Bargaining with reading habit is no need. Reading is not kind of something sold that you can take or not. It is a thing that will change your life to life better. It is the thing that will give you many things around the world and this universe, in the real world and here after. As what will be given by this health care provision and patient mobility health integration in the european union, ho...

Introduction British military personnel deploying on OP HERRICK to Afghanistan are exposed to a seasonal malaria risk from May to November (1). In accordance with current policy, all ranks are prescribed Anti-Malarial Chemoprophylaxis (AMC) and instructed to take it (2). All AMC regimes require continuation for a period after possible exposure. Therefore, personnel requiring medical evacuation ...

Fire seasonality, an important characteristic of fire regimes, commonly is delineated using seasons based on single weather variables (rainfall or temperature). We used nonparametric cluster analyses of a 17-year (1993-2009) data set of weather variables that influence likelihoods and spread of fires (relative humidity, air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, soil moisture) to explore sea...

Although coup risk plays an important role in theories of war, revolution, and democratization, scholars have not developed a rigorous conceptualization and valid measure of the concept. We develop a structural understanding of coup risk as distinct from proximate causes of coups as well as coup-proofing strategies that regimes implement to avert coups. Theoretical insights into factors that pr...

Civil-military relations are characterized by a fundamental dilemma. To lower coup risk, leaders frequently empower the military, which satisfies armed forces with status quo and enables them to fight against threats challenging civilian leadership. Simultaneously, too powerful military itself constitutes potential threat that is capable of overthrowing government. Our research adds this debate...