Multilevel societies (MLS), in which polygynous reproductive units are nested in a larger social matrix, represent a highly complex social system documented only in a small number of mammalian species. Using long-term behavioural data, satellite telemetry and social network analysis, we present a new framework for understanding the function and social dynamics of the golden snub-nosed monkey ML...

Clonal deletion of thymocytes expressing potentially self-reactive T cell receptors (TCRs) occurs during thymocyte ontogeny. Mice deficient for CD4 expression provide a unique model system to study the contribution of the CD4 molecule in negative selection of T cells reactive against the major histocompatibility complex class II-associated retroviral self-superantigen, Mls-1a. In the presence o...

Three different truly Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) methods are developed for solving 3D elasto-static problems. Using the general MLPG concept, these methods are derived through the local weak forms of the equilibrium equations, by using different test functions, namely, the Heaviside function, the Dirac delta function, and the fundamental solutions. The one with the use of the fundame...

An analysis of uncertainties in retrievals of ice water content (IWC) from the Earth Observing System (EOS) Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the NASA Aura satellite is described. Errors in IWC retrievals due to variability in cloud shape and size, and in the relative position of cloud and sensor are investigated through analysis of data from simulations of MLS observations of high-altitude cloud...

Microphthalmia with linear skin defects (MLS) is an X-linked dominant, male-lethal syndrome characterized by microphthalmia, aplastic skin and agenesis of the corpus callosum, and is caused by the deletion of a 500 kb critical region in Xp22.3. Our laboratory isolated a novel rho GTPase-activating protein (rhoGAP) gene named ARHGAP6 from the MLS region. ARHGAP6 contains 14 exons encoding a 974 ...

300 words): Recently, mobile laser scanning (MLS) has emerged as an efficient means to acquire massive 3D point clouds along urban road corridors for the several applications such as building footprint reconstruction, facade modeling and road traffic inventories. In this paper, we propose an automated strategy to address the issue of detecting 3D individual trees in urban traffic corridors usin...

Myxoid/round-cell liposarcoma (MLS/RCLS) is characterized by either the fusion gene FUS-DDIT3 or the less commonly occurring EWSR1-DDIT3 and most cases carry few or no additional cytogenetic changes. There are conflicting reports concerning the status and role of TP53 in MLS/RCLS. Here we analysed four MLS/RCLS derived cell lines for TP53 mutations, expression and function. Three SV40 transform...

We propose a new method for estimating the probability mass function (pmf) of a discrete and finite random variable from a small sample. We focus on the observed counts--the number of times each value appears in the sample--and define the maximum likelihood set (MLS) as the set of pmfs that put more mass on the observed counts than on any other set of counts possible for the same sample size. W...

Inside cells, viruses build specialized compartments for replication and morphogenesis. We observed that virus release associates with specific structures found on the surface of mammalian cells. Cultured adherent cells were infected with a bunyavirus and processed for oriented sectioning and transmission electron microscopy. Imaging of cell basal regions showed sophisticated multilamellar stru...

In this paper, a new method for gray-scale image and color zooming algorithm based on their local information is offered. In the proposed method, the unknown values of the new pixels on the image are computed by Moving Least Square (MLS) approximation based on both the quadratic spline and Gaussian-type weight functions. The numerical results showed that this method is more preferable to biline...