We evaluated: the agreement between lactate minimum and maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) cycling powers (study 1); whether rates of change of blood lactate concentration during the lactate minimum test reflect that of constant power exercise (study 2); whether the lactate minimum power is influenced by the muscle groups used to elevate blood lactate concentration (study 3). Study 1: 32 subje...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to verify the possibility of lactate minimum (LM) determination during a walking test and the validity of such LM protocol on predicting the maximal lactate steady-state (MLSS) intensity. DESIGN Eleven healthy subjects (24.2 ± 4.5 yr; 74.3 ± 7.7 kg; 176.9 ± 4.1 cm) performed LM tests on a treadmill, consisting of walking at 5.5 km · h⁻¹ and with 20-22% of i...

This study analyzed the effects of caffeine intake on whole-body substrate metabolism and exercise tolerance during cycling by using a more individualized intensity for merging the subjects into homogeneous metabolic responses (the workload associated with the maximal lactate steady state-MLSS). MLSS was firstly determined in eight active males (25 ± 4 years, 176 ± 7 cm, 77 ± 11 kg) using from ...

Constructions related to products of maximal linked systems (MLSs) and MLSs on the product widely understood measurable spaces are considered (these defined as sets equipped with \(\pi\)-systems their subsets; a \(\pi\)-system is family closed respect finite intersections). We compare families initial product. Separately, we consider case ultrafilters. Equipping set-products topologies, use box...

CONTEXT Neurodynamic tension affects hamstring extensibility and stretch tolerance and is considered important in hamstring injury management. Neurodynamic tension was postulated to affect segmental muscle extensibility and stretch tolerance and potentially also to demonstrate extrasegmental and contralateral effects. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of a novel sciatic-tibial neurodynamic ten...

The use of a crossflow membrane bioreactor (CF–MBR) in treating wastewater discharged by a petroleum refinery was investigated. The performance of the CF–MBR process was evaluated at MLSS concentrations of 5000 and 3000 mg/l. The process performance was measured in terms of the hydraulic efficiency as well as the COD removal efficiency. A laboratory-scale experimental set-up comprised mainly of...

A microwave-H2O2 process for sludge pretreatment exhibited high efficiencies of releasing organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus, but large quantities of H2O2 residues were detected. A uniform design method was thus employed in this study to further optimize H2O2 dosage by investigating effects of pH and H2O2 dosage on the amount of H2O2 residue and releases of organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus. A...

Membrane fouling limits the effects of long-term stable operation of membrane bioreactor (MBR). Control of membrane fouling can extend the membrane life and reduce water treatment cost effectively. A pilot scale anoxic/aerobic-membrane bioreactor (A/O-MBR, 40 L/hr) was used to treat the hyperhaline municipal sewage from a processing zone of Tianjin, China. Impact factors including mixed liquid ...