Whether the MNCs transfer their technologies to Chinese enterprises has become a significant issue for China to implement catch-up strategies .This paper introduces the evolutionary game theory to the field of technology transfer, sets up the evolutionary game model according to the strategies of technology transfer in two types of MNCs that set up factories in China early or late, and analyzes...

Magnetic nanoclusters (MNCs) are agglomerated individual magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) that show great promise in increasing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sensitivity. Here, we report an effective strategy to engineer MNCs based on double-ligand modulation to enhance MRI sensitivity. The oleic acid-coated individual MNPs self-assembled and then were enveloped by polysorbate 80, using a nanoe...

Autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) transplantation is a potential therapy for inducing revascularization in ischemic tissues providing the underlying disease process had not negatively affected BM-MNC function. Previously, we have shown that skeletal muscle angiogenesis induced by electrical stimulation is impaired by a high-salt diet (HSD; 4% NaCl) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) ...

OBJECTIVE CD34-positive bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) have been successfully used for regeneration of small arteries in Buerger's disease. The objective of this study is to examine the angiogenetic potential of autologous MNCs from bone marrow and peripheral blood implanted into the ischaemic digits from patients with connective tissue diseases. METHODS Three patients with systemic scl...

Institutional settings in emerging markets pose challenges for multinational corporations (MNCs). We argue that information technology (IT) can be used to develop strategic flexibilities to complement organizational capabilities in emerging markets. We explore how MNCs and local firms compare in leveraging their IT enabled strategic flexibilities and organizational capabilities to improve perfo...

A facile method has been developed to detect pathogenic bacteria using magnetic nanoparticle clusters (MNCs) and a 3D-printed helical microchannel. Antibody-functionalized MNCs were used to capture E. coli (EC) bacteria in milk, and the free MNCs and MNC-EC complexes were separated from the milk using a permanent magnet. The free MNCs and MNC-EC complexes were dispersed in a buffer solution, th...

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured in polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNLs) and mononuclear cells (MNCs) from 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in 15 controls. In all patients and controls SOD activity (U/mg protein) in MNCs was twice that in PMNLs. SOD activity in PMNLs and in MNCs from patients with RA was significantly higher than that in controls. SOD activity in P...

The aim of this article is to get a clearer picture of why multinational companies (MNCs) send out expatriates. We identify three organisational functions of international transfers: position filling, management development and coordination & control. Based on an empirical study with results from 212 subsidiaries of MNCs from 9 different home countries, located in 22 different host countries, w...

We describe a patient with the so-called "prolymphocytic variant" form of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) resistant to treatment with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). Analysis of immunoglobulin (Ig) and T-cell receptor-beta (TCR beta) gene rearrangements from serial peripheral blood mononuclear cell specimens (MNCs) confirmed not only the B-cell nature of the disease, but also the subsequent emergence o...

The telecommunications industry in emerging markets has been transformed from a collection of mostly state-owned, national companies to one with many privately owned, multinational corporations (MNCs). Using examples from Latin America, this dramatic reconfiguration is explained as resulting from the dynamic interplay between country and firm strategies. It is further argued that first-mover MN...