This paper contains an investigation of some aspects of Romanian modality constructed with auxiliaries. These forms can be combined either with the infinitive, or with overt (imperfective /perfective) aspectual morphology. In the latter case, they might give rise to interpretations which have been classified in Romanian grammars as presumptive (broadly described as referring to probability, unc...

To direct at the characteristic of the decision system based on Rough set theory, the proposition modal logic is extended by adding the attribute constants as the basic symbols, and the formal system of the extended propositional modal logic as well as its semantics are described. Since every decision system based on Rough set theory can be expressed by a decision system based on the semantics ...

the present paper sets out to investigate the syntactic category of persian modals, šâyad ‘perhaps’ and bâyad ‘must’. the syntactic category of the two modal elements has been viewed differently by different scholars. a number of scholars argue that both šâyad and bâyad are modal auxiliaries, while others claim that they both are modal adverbs. we propose that šâyad is a modal adverb and bâyad ...

The modal analysis, which decouples the contact wire and rail track conductors, is used to develop an integrated model of single rail track and contact wire. The characteristic impedance and propagation constant matrices of integrated model have been computed. The authors have studied effects of various parameters of interest on characteristic impedance and propagation constant using sensitivit...

The BPS framework has, at face value, a number of shortcomings in dealing with phemona associated with the notion of V-raising. One is that it is not obvious that the characteristic subject-verb-adverb order (SVA) in French main clauses can be derived. The assumptions and mechanisms of BPS seem to allow only subject-adverb-verb (SAV), the pattern characteristic of English main clauses where the...

In this paper we introduce the monotonic modal logics M4wn, M4n and MBn obtained from the basic strong monotonic modal logic MON by adding some formulas considered by R. Jansana in [8]. For each logic defined we prove completeness with respect to their characteristic classes of monotonic frames. The canonicity of these logics is proved using the representation theory for monotonic algebras deve...

Histopathological imaging of tissues often requires extensive sample preparation including fixation and staining in order to highlight characteristic alterations associated with diseases. Herein, we report an integrated spectro-microscopy approach based on a combination of multi-modal multi-photon imaging and Raman micro-spectroscopy and demonstrate label-free characterization of the structure-...

Modal logics have proven to be a very successful tool for reasoning about games. However, until now, although logics have been put forward for games in both normal form and games in extensive form, and for games with complete and incomplete information, the focus in the logic community has hitherto been on games with pure strategies. This paper is a first to widen the scope to logics for games ...

The modal properties, including the resonant vertical radiation, of a type of laser structures based on the annular Bragg resonance (ABR) are studied in detail. The modal threshold gains and the resonance frequencies of such lasers are obtained from the derived governing characteristic equation. Two kinds of ABR lasers, one with a pi/2 phase shift in the outer grating and the other without, are...

Key elastic properties of full-sized wood composite panels (WCPs) must be accurately determined not only for safety, but also serviceability demands. In this study, the modal parameters of full-sized WCPs supported on four nodes were analyzed for determining the modulus of elasticity (E) in both major and minor axes, as well as the in-plane shear modulus of panels by using a vibration testing m...