The paper deals with the basic concepts, mathematics, and design aspects of variable structure systems as well as sliding modes as a principle operation mode. The main arguments in favor of sliding mode control are order reduction, decoupling design procedure, disturbance rejection, insensitivity to parameter variations, and simple implementation by means of power converters. The control algori...

A novel micromachined z-axis gyroscope with multidirectional drive-mode is presented. The design concept aims to relax mode-matching requirement, eliminate effects of directional residual stresses, and completely decouple the drive and sense modes. The proposed approach is based on de ning multiple drive-mode oscillators, distributed symmetrically around the center of a supporting frame. Quadra...

Before decoupling in the early universe, the tightly coupled photon/electron gas underwent acoustic oscillations. These oscillations should be visible today in the spectrum of anisotropies. Recently Fang, Huang, and Wu (1996) claimed that when random processes are accounted for, the phases of these oscillations are no longer coherent. In fact, they claim that the well-defined peaks will be comp...

We have fabricated organic semiconductor microcavities having an extended optical path-length (up to 2 µm) that contain J-aggregates of a cyanine dye. These structures are studied using optical-reflectivity and found be characterized by series polaritonic modes. By changing the effective oscillator strength dye within cavity, we evidence transition from “normal” strong coupling in which photon ...

In this paper, a liquid multi-parameter decoupling method with only one Lamb wave sensor is presented. In a Lamb wave sensor, antisymmetric modes (A(01) mode for low frequency, A(03) mode for high frequency) and symmetric modes (S(0) mode) are used to detect multiple parameters of a liquid, such as its density, sound velocity, and viscosity. We found they can play very different roles in the de...

Recently, a decoupling-based (DB) fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) method was developed for diagnosing multiple-simultaneous faults in air conditioners (AC) and was shown to have very good performance. The method relies on identifying diagnostic features that are decoupled (i.e., insensitive) to other faults and operating conditions. The current paper extends the DB FDD methodology to heat p...

Today, owners of small communicating device are interested in transmitting or receiving various multimedia data. By increasing the number of antennas at the transmitter and/or the receiver side of the wireless link, the diversity/Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) techniques can increase wireless channel capacity without the need for additional power or spectrum in rich scattering environmen...

A novel fully decoupled micro inertial measurement unit (MIMU) is presented in this paper. The proposed MIMU structure, mostly focusing on the gyroscope unit, is highly symmetrical and can be limited to an area of 10,000 μm × 10,000 μm. Both the tri-axis gyroscope and tri-axis accelerometer structures are fabricated on the same single silicon chip, which can differentially detect three axes’ an...