the energy requirement of vacuum membrane distillation (vmd) with or without recirculation was modelled using both experimental results and theoretical data. the trends are generally consistent between the theoretical and experimental data. thermal energy contributes the most to the total energy required for the vmd process. to lower the thermal energy cost, waste heat resource and heat recover...

This paper reports on a new solution approach for the well-known multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem (MMRCPSP). This problem type aims at the selection of a single activity mode from a set of available modes in order to construct a precedence and a (renewable and non-renewable) resource feasible project schedule with a minimal makespan. The problem type is known to be NPh...

This paper focuses on solving a typical multi-mode resource leveling problem, in which activity duration depends on committed resources, project deadlines and other constraints. To solve this problem, we establish a multi-objective model to minimize project duration, resource requirements and resource variance. Based on the established model, a novel Elitist Vector Evaluated Particle Swarm Opti...

Construction companies are required to employ effective methods of project planning and scheduling in today's competitive environment. Time cost critical factors success, they can vary based on the type amount resources used for activities, such as labor, tools, materials. In addition, resource leveling strategies that limit fluctuations a project's consumption also affect time cost. The multi-...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Multi-mode scheduling Ant colony optimization Renewable and nonrenewable resource constraints Construction projects An ant colony optimization (ACO)-based methodology for solving the multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem (MRCPSP) considering both renewable and nonrenewable resources is presented. With regard to the MRCPSP solution consisting ...