ran and japan are two asian countries which in confrontation with west superiorities, started the reforms and modernization in the modern shape. the two countries reformist and modernistic elites found it necessary to be leved with the west in the fields of military, economy, training and so on the reforms and modernization. japan reforms and modernization with restitution of power to the emper...

Executive summary Dramatic forces of change are sweeping the banking industry. The age of the empowered customer is here, changing the way financial products are being created, delivered, sold and serviced by banks. Relationships with clients, partners and regulators are more complex than ever. The digital world has leveled the competitive environment and the inflexibility of a traditional bank...

In an 80-country panel since the 1960s, the convergence rate for per capita GDP is around 1.7% per year. This “beta convergence” is conditional on an array of explanatory variables that hold constant countries’ long-run characteristics. The introduction of country fixed effects generates a much higher—and, I argue, misleading—convergence rate. In a much longer time frame—28 countries since 1870...

    Over the past few decades, the family affected by the processes, and consequences of modernization has experienced profound changes in both objective-structural and semantic-subjective levels. The family has faced new issues, some of which represent progress and welfare, and some suggest traumatic social issues which reduce the pace of development in the society as hindering factors. Thus, ...

Historical documents are mostly accessible to scholars specialized in the period in which the document originated. In order to increase their accessibility to a broader audience and help in the preservation of the cultural heritage, we propose a method to modernized these documents. This method is based in statistical machine translation, and aims at translating historical documents into a mode...

A relatively new way of framing network industries developments is by use of literature on the coherence of institutions and technology. We use the conceptual framework of coherence literature to explore the possible links between modernization and coherence and focus on the historical developments of the Dutch electricity sector. We discuss a number of these historical examples to illustrate t...

How many millions of lines of code written for business applications more than 20 years ago are still being sustained for a variety of political and financial reasons—and at what risk and cost? Many of those legacy applications have been maintained with various forms of IT life support—emulators, code wrappers, virtualization—far too long, and should have been allowed to die a natural death yea...