Blending attacks are a general class of traffic-based attacks, exemplified by the (n − 1)-attack. Adding memory or pools to mixes mitigates against such attacks, however there are few known quantitative results concerning the effect of pools on blending attacks. In this paper we give a precise analysis of the number of rounds required to perform a blending attack for the pool mix, timed pool mi...

Climate change has routinely been framed as an issue to be addressed through an intergovernmental regime guided by a set of large nations. The evolving reality of climate change policy development, in the U.S. and abroad, relies heavily on sub-national initiative. This article reviews the American climate policy odyssey, examining distinct periods in which respective intergovernmental roles hav...

Article history: Received 13 July 2009 Received in revised form 12 November 2009 Accepted 17 January 2010 Available online 20 January 2010

Digital games and playful interactive installations are considered a promising means to raising awareness about the environment and persuading people to adopt an environmental friendly behavior. However, the selection and use of appropriate methods and paradigms for designing and evaluating such systems and successfully blending the ‘fun’ element with the messages to be communicated is still an...

Pharmacovigilance is “the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug related problem”. There is criticism that drug safety reporting in medical research is inadequate. There is possibility of many types of bias in vaccine safety studies especially in the diagnostic process, at investigator level and in the proc...

We propose to use evidential reasoning in order to relax Bayesian decisions given by a Markovian classification algorithm (ICM). The Dempster–Shafer rule of combination enables us to fuse decisions in a local spatial neighborhood which we further extend to be multisource. This approach enables us to more directly fuse information. Application to the classification of very noisy images produces ...

HydroquinoneandH2O2di¡erentiallya¡ect theultrastructure and expressionof ligninolyticgenes in thebasidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora Alejandro Amoroso, Rodrigo A. Mancilla, Bernardo González & Rafael Vicuña Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiologı́a, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Milenio de Biologı́a Fundamenta...

Sustainable support for educational development using new technologies in higher education depends on having a basic roadmap that links current demands for developmental support to a plan for ways in which longer term needs will be recognized and met. The growing demand for lifelong learning of a second language is evident within the workplace where new technologies offer flexible solutions. In...

Blended solutions provide a means to orchestrate various types of activities and to schedule interactions at different times, nonetheless it is difficult to maintain a general overview of the class. In this paper, we build on the LearnWeb Design Framework to design and implement a Formative Assessment extension that supports the monitoring of the learning process in order to increase awareness ...