"o. ~ ,1:. 200<;. 1--. \\.B~~ ~ ,~ ~~c..("" ." V I P '7\rt~ . :r~ M~l(.$ 4 ~~oV\ "",cJ.f"-1'~~'/ (~~. O. Gaswd) . O'6~ ~"'\v. tp,~ss.,~ I (Jf. b~O~ [49] Swofford, D., Olsen, G.J., Waddell, P.J., and Hillis, D.M. (1996). Phylogenetic inference. In Molecular Systematics (2nd edn) (ed. D. Hillis, C. Moritz, and B. Mable), pp. 438-514. Sinauer, Sutherland, MA. [50] Thorne, J.L., Goldman, N., and Jo...

Abstract Bayesian phylogenetic methods provide a set of tools to efficiently evaluate large linguistic datasets by reconstructing phylogenies—family trees—that represent the history language families. These powerful way test hypotheses about prehistory, regarding subgrouping, origins, expansion, and timing languages their speakers. Through phylogenetics, we gain insights into process evolution ...

In the 14 years since the first higher-level bird phylogenies based on DNA sequence data, avian phylogenetics has witnessed the advent and maturation of the genomics era, the completion of the chicken genome and a suite of technologies that promise to add considerably to the agenda of avian phylogenetics. In this review, we summarize current approaches and data characteristics of recent higher-...