Tullock (2005, p. 160) notes that the perceived robust relationship between democracy and economic progress is due mostly to assumption, rather than analysis. Taking up Tullock’s challenge consider bet - ween other political forms, we re-assess relation-ship monarchy progress. Our analysis specifically focuses on possibility of a «monarchical» constitution creating insti-tutions within which, c...

The role of the Swedish monarch is mainly ceremonial and involves representing state at some national events in international relations. Outward appearance social-cultural activity are important for preserving tradition having a monarchy Sweden stressing its necessity. aim this article to discuss how image heir apparent throne, Victoria Bernadotte, terms both activity, helps maintain support mo...

During the Middle Ages, most European polities operated under a norm that gave only the close male relatives of a deceased monarch a clear place in the line of succession. When no such heirs were available, succession disputes were more likely, with more distant relatives and female(-line) heirs laying competing claims to the throne. These disputes often produced violent conflicts that destroye...

______________________________________________________________ It is well known that the Spanish Monarchy found out some problems in its monetary system. So far, almost all the studies have been concentrated in the billon problem and inflation. However, small and large silver coins had also problems to circulate together in Castile. Without small change, among other consequences, it was more di...

This article states a claim about the fundamental nature of monarchy as something which in antiquity and medievality straddled immanent transcendent worlds but is only half understood modernity where world wholly so has politics must be theorised consistent terms. It draws on theories antique monarchy, medieval constitutional popular sovereignty, asserts three distinctive arguments: that always...

on the verge of the constitutionalist revolution in iran, the three social forces existing in the socio-political arena were competing with each other and at the same time, struggling with the monarchy to increase their share of power: independent intellectuals, traditional followers of religion, and merchants. this rivalry set the scene for a discursive battle in which, each social force was t...

In this paper, we investigate multi-agent learning (MAL) in a multi-agent resource selection problem (MARS) in which a large group of agents are competing for common resources. Since agents in such a setting are self-interested, MAL in MARS domains typically focuses on the convergence to a set of non-cooperative equilibria. As seen in the example of prisoner’s dilemma, however, selfish equilibr...

We examine spatial convergence in biological well-being in the Habsburg Monarchy circa 1890-1910 on the basis of evidence on the physical stature of 21-year-old recruits disaggregated into 15 districts. We find that the shorter was the population in 1890 the faster its height grew thereafter. Hence, there was convergence in physical stature between the peripheral areas of the monarchy (located ...