introduction the gamma knife system is designed solely for non-invasive treatment of brain disorders, and it benefits from stereotactic surgical techniques. dose calculations required in the system are performed by gammaplan code; in this code, brain tissue is considered uniform. in the present study, we evaluated the effect of gamma knife system on the obtained dose through simulating a real h...

introduction use of hadron therapy as an advanced radiotherapy technique is increasing. in this method, secondary particles are produced through primary beam interactions with the beam-transport system and the patient’s body. in this study, monte carlo simulations were employed to determine the dose of produced secondary particles, particularly neutrons during treatment. materials and methods i...

The Monte Carlo method is often referred to as a ‘computer experiment’. One might think of this as a way of conveying the fact that the output of simulations is not an equation, as in conventional theory. Instead, numbers appear on the computer screen in somewhat the same way that numbers appear on a measuring device in the laboratory. Thus there is the implication that somehow simulations are ...

Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods such as Variational Monte Carlo, Diffusion Monte Carlo or Path Integral Monte Carlo are the most accurate and general methods for computing total electronic energies. We will review methods we have developed to perform QMC for the electrons coupled to another MC simulation for the ions. In this method, one estimates the Born-Oppenheimer energy E(Z) where Z repr...

The Monte Carlo method is often referred to as a ‘computer experiment’. One might think of this as a way of conveying the fact that the output of simulations is not an equation, as in conventional theory. Instead, numbers appear on the computer screen in somewhat the same way that numbers appear on a measuring device in the laboratory. Thus there is the implication that somehow simulations are ...

this paper investigates the radiative absorptivity of a spherical cavity by using monte carlo techniques. several parameters such as the angle of incoming radiation which inters the cavity for both diffuse wall cavity and specular wall cavity has been  investigated. the absorptivity of a spherical cavity has been calculated and compared with the exact values when the angle of incoming radiation...