After a trust violation, some people are quick to forgive, whereas others never trust again. In this report, we identify a key characteristic that moderates trust recovery: implicit beliefs of moral character. Individuals who believe that moral character can change over time (incremental beliefs) are more likely to trust their counterpart following an apology and trustworthy behavior than are i...

Moral judgment in the mature state depends on "theory of mind", or the capacity to attribute mental states (e.g., beliefs, desires, and intentions) to moral agents. The current study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the cognitive processes for belief attribution in moral judgment. Participants read vignettes in a 2x2x2 design: protagonists produced either a negat...

Predicting Student Performance in Verbal Math Problems Based on Cognitive, Metacognitive, and Affective Factors F. Karimi, Ph.D. A.R. Moraadi, Ph.D. P. Kadivar, Ph.D. R. Kormi Noori, Ph.D. To determine the predictive role of metacognitive, cognitive, and affective factors in solving verbal math problems, a cluster sample of 450 junior high school  students was given ...

PURPOSE This chapter addresses the nature, formalization, and neural bases of (affective) social ties and discusses the relevance of ties for health economics. A social tie is defined as an affective weight attached by an individual to the well-being of another individual ('utility interdependence'). Ties can be positive or negative, and symmetric or asymmetric between individuals. Characterist...

This study investigated relationships between emphatic skills and moral judgment competence among 180 adolescents, 170 early adults, and 150 adults (N = 500). Participants completed a battery of measures including the Basic Empathy Scale, the Moral Judgment Test, and the Demographic questionnaire. Results of this crosssectional study have confirmed the expected findings. Adolescents' and early ...

Considering the importance of moral considerations in the accounting profession and significant effect of accountant decisions on interests of users of financial statements and other stakeholders, the need to examine moral considerations in this profession is increasing. In this regard, this study evaluates the "moral sensitivity" of accountants who face a complex decision about earnings manage...

Debunking skeptics claim that our moral beliefs are formed by processes unsuited to identifying objective facts, such as emotions inculcated by our genes and culture; therefore, they say, even if there are objective moral facts, we probably don’t know them. I argue that the debunking skeptics cannot explain the pervasive trend toward liberalization of values over human history, and that the bes...

This essay first introduces the moral sense theories of Francis Hutcheson, David Hume, and Adam Smith, and clarifies important differences between them. It then examines whether moral judgment based on the moral sense or moral sentiments varies according to one’s metaphysical beliefs. For this, the essay mainly applies those theories to such issues as stem cell research, abortion, and active eu...