Current models of endogenous pain control circuitry emphasize neural substrates within the brainstem and spinal cord. We have recently shown, however, that the central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce) contributes to morphine-induced suppression of formalin-induced nociceptive behaviors. In the four experiments reported here, we investigated the possibility that the Ce also contributes to morphine-i...

BACKGROUND Efficient pain management is one of the most important components of care in the field of emergency medicine. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to compare intravenous paracetamol and intravenous morphine sulfate for acute pain reduction in patients with limb trauma. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a randomized double-blinded clinical trial, all patients (aged 18 years and older) with a...

Objective: The main purpose in the treatment of renal colic patients in emergency department is pain management. This study aimed to compare the analgesic effects of intravenous (IV) acetaminophen and morphine sulfate in this regard. Methods: This double blind clinical trial was conducted on >18 years old renal colic patients in need of pain management in emer...

STUDY OBJECTIVE Despite the growing popularity of intraosseous infusion for adults in emergency medicine, to date there has been little research on the pharmacokinetics of intraosseously administered medications in humans. The objective of the study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of intraosseous vs intravenous administration of morphine sulfate in adults. METHODS The study followed a pro...

GABAergic drugs can change analgesic effect of morphine. Wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons play an important role in pain transmission and may change behaviors in morphine tolerance. In this study WDR neuron behaviors in morphine tolerant rats and rats treated with GABA agonists, were recorded to elucidate the effect of morphine and GABA agonists on WDR behavioral changes. Rats were divided to 4...

GABAergic drugs can change analgesic effect of morphine. Wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons play an important role in pain transmission and may change behaviors in morphine tolerance. In this study WDR neuron behaviors in morphine tolerant rats and rats treated with GABA agonists, were recorded to elucidate the effect of morphine and GABA agonists on WDR behavioral changes. Rats were divided to 4...

Background: Exercise is a therapeutic procedure for addicts; however, its physiological mechanisms are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks endurance training on levels vascular endothelial growth factor and endostatin in heart tissue male rats with morphine withdrawal syndrome. Materials Methods: experimental was conducted 32 randomly divided into four...

BACKGROUND Opioid analgesics can be abused by crushing followed by solubilization and intravenous injection to attain rapid absorption. Morphine sulfate and naltrexone hydrochloride extended release capsules (EMBEDA, MS-sNT), indicated for management of chronic, moderate to severe pain, contain pellets of morphine sulfate with a sequestered naltrexone core. Should product tampering by crushing ...

Sustained-release oral morphine sulphate (MST) 20 mg was administered to 11 healthy volunteers. Mean peak plasma morphine concentration was 14.8 ng ml-1, and occurred at a mean time of 142.5 min after ingestion. Analgesia assessed by an ischaemic forearm pain test increased to a maximum approximately 40 min after the calculated peak plasma concentration of morphine had been achieved, and remain...

introduction: renal colic can be managed by preventing the contraction movements of ureter muscles. by reducing acetylcholine in the nerve terminals, magnesium sulfate could be effective in this regard. the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of magnesium sulfate on acute renal colic pain relief. method: the present study was a double-blind clinical trial in which the patients suffer...