Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE) improved recognition memory and counteracted spatial learning impairment induced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition in recent studies. Aim of this study was to investigate effects of rolipram, a PDE4 inhibitor and zaprinast, a PDE5 inhibitor, on learning and memory in Morris water maze (MWM) and radial arm maze (RAM) tests in naive mice. Male Balb-...

Background: The Unani formulation Majun Brahmi (MB), a combination of herbs, is used in India as brain tonic and memory enhancer. Aluminium deposition the associated with development neurodegenerative diseases. Aims Objectives: present study was designed to observe that effects MB have been evaluated on aluminium trichlorideor chloride (AlCl3)-induced cognitive impairment an experimental rat mo...

Nogo-A protein is an important inhibitor of axonal growth, which also regulates neuronal plasticity in the CNS. Mutations in the gene encoding Nogo-A or abnormalities in Nogo-A expression are linked to neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. The present study assesses the impact of constitutively reduced expression of Nogo-A on place navigation in a novel transgenic rat model. Two spa...

The involvement of the serotonin system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia has been elucidated by experiments with hallucinogens. Application of a hallucinogen to humans leads to changes in perception, cognition, emotions, and induction of psychotic-like symptoms that resemble symptoms of schizophrenia. In rodent studies, their acute administration affects sensorimotor gating, locomotor ac...

In this study, we investigated the protective effects of angiotensin IV (Ang IV) on cognitive function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Wistar albino rats, were randomly divided into four groups; control (C), diabetes (Dia, 60 mg/kg, STZ, i.p.), Ang (5 µg/kg, s.c.) and Dia+Ang IV. The passive avoidance Morris water maze (MWM) tests used to evaluate learning memory performance...

Prunus domestica fruits extract (PDE) was evaluated for in vivo radioprotective activity against whole body gamma irradiation in Swiss albino mice. The irradiation of mice resulted in significant elevation of lipid peroxidation in terms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and depletion in glutathione (GSH), protein, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase at all the intervals stud...

objective: walnut (juglans regia) is a domestic fruit of iran. walnut kernel (wk) has many beneficial constituents such as unsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamin e. scientific studies have shown that fatty acids and vitamin e can modulate learning and memory processes. the aim of the present work was to study effects of walnut consumption by mothers during pregnancy and lactation on...

introduction: several studies indicate that estrogen use increase performance on some tests of cognition especially in postmenopausal women. these steroids have many side effects, thus, other estrogenic agents with fewer side effects are needed to develop alternative treatment strategies. the main objection of this study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of dietary soy meals (with ...

OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) deficiency in brain on spatial learning and memory in rats. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were fed with an n-3 fatty acid deficient diet for two generations to induce DHA depletion in brain. DHA in seven brain regions was analyzed using the gas-liquid chromatography. Morris water maze (MWM) was employed as an assessing index of spati...

Within the brain, the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediates illnessassociated neural, neuroendocrine, and behavioral responses; however, its role in normal neurobehavioral processes is not clear. To examine the role of IL-1 signaling in memory, we infused Long–Evans rats intracerebroventricularly with IL-1b (10 ng/rat), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra, 100 mg/rat), or saline imme...