Primary motoneurons, the earliest developing spinal motoneurons in zebrafish, have highly stereotyped axon projections. Although much is known about the development of these neurons, the molecular cues guiding their axons have not been identified. In a screen designed to reveal mutations affecting motor axons, we isolated two mutations in the stumpy gene that dramatically affect pathfinding by ...

A Galfenol driven miniature linear motor was developed in this paper. The proposed motor realized the micro stepping motion and based on the inertia impact and friction force. At first, the principle of impact driving mechanism was introduced, with the discussion of the structure of the given motor. Then, the analysis of the motor’s impedance property and shaft displacement was presented by sim...

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NBS) techniques can induce neuroplastic changes similar to those associated with motor learning and there is evidence for the involvement of common mechanisms. Whether there are correlations between the changes induced by NBS and those associated with motor learning remains unclear. We investigated whether there was any relationship between an individual's neurop...

background: children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/developmental coordination disorder (adhd/dcd) suffer from problems associated with gross and fine motor skills. there is no effective pharmacological therapy for such patients. we aimed to assess the impact of methylphenidate (mph) on motor performance of children with adhd/dcd. methods: in this double-blind placebo-controlled,...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a 30-week fundamental motor skill program in typically developing young children and to investigate possible sex differences. DESIGN A multicenter quasi experimental design was set up for this study which involved 992 children aged 3-8 years. METHODS All participants received their typical Physical Education curriculum...

Layer 5 neurons of the neocortex receive direct and relatively strong input from the thalamus. However, the intralaminar distribution of these inputs and their capacity for plasticity in adult animals are largely unknown. In slices of the primary motor cortex (M1), we simultaneously recorded from pairs of corticospinal neurons associated with control of distinct motor outputs: distal forelimb v...

Mammalian myosin V motors transport cargo processively along actin filaments. Recent biophysical and structural studies have led to a detailed understanding of the mechanism of myosin V, making it perhaps the best understood cytoskeletal motor. In addition to describing the mechanism, this review will illustrate how "dynamic" single molecule measurements can synergize with "static" protein stru...