The interplay between malignant and stromal cells is essential in tumorigenesis. We have previously shown that colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1, matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A production by stromal cells is enhanced by CSF-1-negative SW620 colon cancer cells. In the present study, the mechanisms by which colon cancer cells up-regulate host facto...

Many species of tea (Camellia sinensis) and cowslip (Echium amoenum) are used in Iranian traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to conduct the survey on the ability of Iranian black tea and cowslip extracts on secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by non-infected and infected mouse macrophages. A macrophage infection model with Legionella pneumophila and enzyme linked im...

BACKGROUND: Cholestasis caused by obstruction of the common bile duct and may developed gut-derived sepsis due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) glutathione are widely known for their antioxidant properties, that might be beneficial against ROS. However, effects UDCA-glutathione combination ROS have not been well elucidated in previous studies. Thus, thi...

We reported earlier that TNF-α, a proinflammatory cytokine implicated in many inflammatory disorders causing orofacial pain, increases the activity of Cdk5, a key kinase involved in brain development and function and recently found to be involved in pain signaling. To investigate a potential mechanism underlying inflammatory pain in trigeminal ganglia (TGs), we engineered a transgenic mouse mod...

TNF is a pleiotropic cytokine required for normal development and function of the immune system; however, TNF overexpression also induces inflammation and is associated with autoimmune diseases. TNF exists as both a soluble and a transmembrane protein. Genetic studies in mice have suggested that inflammation in disease models involves soluble TNF (solTNF) and that maintenance of innate immune f...

Mice whose tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) genes were disrupted developed higher levels of parasitemia than wild-type mice following infection with Trypanosoma congolense IL1180 or T. brucei brucei GUTat3.1, confirming the results of earlier studies. To determine whether TNF-alpha directly affects the growth of these and other bloodstream forms of African trypanosomes, we studied the ef...

Sundgren-Andersson, Anna K., Pernilla Östlund, and Tamas Bartfai. IL-6 is essential in TNF-a-induced fever. Am. J. Physiol. 275 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 44): R2028–R2034, 1998.—Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) is a pleiotropic cytokine that orchestrates an array of local and systemic effects. For instance, acute exposure to a high dose of TNF-a results in septic shock and fever. We...

IL-1β on mouse skin [2,3]; The study of tumor promotion by both okadaic acid and TPA revealed that TNF-α is an essential tumor promoter in TNF-α-deficient mouse skin initiated with DMBA [3]; Inhibitors of PP1 and PP2A induced tumor promotion on mouse skin, in rat glandular stomach and rat liver initiated with carcinogens [4]; TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-1β induced clonal growth of v-Ha-ras-transfected ...