BACKGROUND In patients with neurogenic bladder (NB), elevated intravesical pressures can be transmitted to the upper urinary tract, causing hydronephrosis (HN) and ureteral dilation (UD), which are referred to as upper urinary tract dilation (UUTD). Ureteral obstruction at the bladder wall is another cause for UUTD, but is less of a concern. UUTD can lead to chronic renal failure. Therefore, ev...

The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Tuberculosis Report 2015 states that 28% of the world's 9.6 million new tuberculosis (TB) cases are in the WHO Africa Region. The Mano River Union (MRU) countries of West Africa-Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia-have made incremental sustained investments into TB control programmes over the past two decades. The devastating Ebola virus disease (EVD) ou...

Culture methods were developed for the concurrent recovery of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella from bovine carcass, hide, and fecal samples. Several enrichment conditions were tested for the overall growth of pure cultures; tryptic soy broth for 2 h at 25 degrees C and then for 6 h at 42 degrees C was the protocol selected for use. Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) was incorporated for sen...

In this study, we examined rabbit gastric ulcer models that can serve as more clinically relevant models. Two types of ulcer model were studied: acetic acid-induced ulcers (AAU) and mucosal resection-induced ulcers (MRU). For AAU, rabbit gastric mucosa was exposed by median laparotomy and treated with bottled acetic acid. MRU was examined as a model for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). Norma...

We propose MRU (Multi-Range Reasoning Units), a new fast compositional encoder for machine comprehension (MC). Our proposed MRU encoders are characterized by multi-ranged gating, executing a series of parameterized contractand-expand layers for learning gating vectors that benefit from long and short-term dependencies. The aims of our approach are as follows: (1) learning representations that a...

This study delineated strategies for enhancing food security in the Mano River Union (MRU) countries of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. In addition, it identified and analyzed past food production and agro-industrial projects implemented by the MRU along with exemplary agricultural and food production, processing, storage and marketing projects in Liberia and Sierra Leone, for lessons and suc...

Background. Congenital midureteric stricture (MUS) is a rare malformation. We report our experience with five cases seen over a period of 4 years from 2010 to 2014. Materials and Methods. The study was based on the retrospective analysis of five patients diagnosed as having MUS. Diagnosis was suspected after fetal ultrasonography (USG) in one patient and magnetic resonance urography (MRU) in fo...

Despite evidence that adverse outcomes are less frequent when asthma management is optimised, the link between the level of control, disease severity and medical resource utilisation (MRU) is poorly documented. This relationship was investigated in a group of patients suffering from persistent asthma (Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) > or = 2) in France. In 1998 a computerised family practic...

Anatomical renal anomalies are one of the most commonly occurring renal anomalies. Most of these anomalies require series of investigations for the proper diagnosis. We tried to compare the results of conventional radiological investigations with magnetic resonance urography in the diagnosis of complex renal anomalies. Materials and methods: This was a prospective study done over a period of fi...