Among the many input parameters of a forging process (for a multi-stage process one can count more than 200 different inputs!) the following important inputs shall be mentioned: Forging Material characteristics (flow curve = f(temperature, strain, strain rate, micro-structure) Influence of heat coefficients Friction type and friction value as well as lubrication Heat transfer Ambient media and ...

in recent years, different damage indexes have been introduced in engineering literature. the most prominent one among other counterparts is the 1985 park and ang's damage index (dipa), which demonstrates well calibration against experimental results. hence, it has traditionally had broad application in the field of structural engineering. commonly, in dipa relevant parameters are assessed...

it is well-known that severe deformation to metals causes a direct grain refinement of the matrix without special heat-treatments due to the mechanism of dynamic continuous recrystallization (dcr). however, the microstructural revolution during severe deformation is seemed to be different depending on the deformation mode, namely the direction of deformation. in general, multi-directional defor...

Abstract Forgings are produced in several process steps, the so-called forging sequence. The design of efficient sequences is a very complex and iterative development process. In order to automate this reduce time, method presented here, which automatically generates multi-stage for different geometries on basis component geometry (STL file). was developed closed die forging. individual modules...

In this paper, in order to improve the microstructure uniformity of an ultra-high strength martensitic steel with a greater than 2500 Mpa developed by multi-directional forging laboratory, single-pass hot compression experiment strain rate 0.01 1 s?1 and temperature 800 1150 °C was conducted. Based on experimental data, material parameters were determined, constitutive model considering influen...