in this paper, a new cascaded multilevel inverter by capability of increasing the number of output voltage levels with reduced number of power switches is proposed. the proposed topology consists of series connection of a number of proposed basic multilevel units. in order to generate all voltage levels at the output, five different algorithms are proposed to determine the magnitude of dc volta...

Behavioral ecologists have recently begun using multilevel modeling for the analysis of social behavior. We present a multilevel modeling formulation of the Social Relations Model that is well suited for the analysis of dyadic network data. This model, which we adapt for count data and small datasets, can be fitted using standard multilevel modeling software packages. We illustrate this model w...

Combining innovations in hazard modeling with those in multilevel modeling, we develop a method to estimate discrete-time multilevel hazard models. We derive the likelihood of and formulate assumptions for a discrete-time multilevel hazard model with time-varying covariates at two levels. We pay special attention to assumptions justifying the estimation method. Next, we demonstrate file constru...

Multilevel modeling is a popular statistical technique for analyzing data in hierarchical format, and thus naturally fits within a distributed database framework. We consider the computational aspects of multilevel modeling across distributed databases. In addition, we consider these aspects under a generalization of the multilevel model where the distributed groups (or databases) are allowed t...

Iterative numerical procedures for the estimation of variance and covariance components for unbalanced designs were developed in the 1980s and were implemented in software packages such as MLWIN, SAS PROC MIXED and HLM. At the same time, interest in latent variables, that is, variables that cannot be directly observed or can only imperfectly be observed, led to the theory providing for the defi...

In conventional structural equation models, all latent variables and indicators vary between units (typically subjects) and are assumed to be independent across units. The latter assumption is violated in multilevel settings where units are nested in clusters, leading to within-cluster dependence. Different approaches to extending structural equation models for such multilevel settings are exam...