The tetrode, a bundle of four electrodes, has proven to be a valuable tool for the simultaneous recording of multiple neurons in-vivo. The differential amplitude of action potential signatures over the channels of a tetrode allows for the isolation of single-unit activity from multi-unit signals. The ability to precisely control the stereotaxic location and depth of the tetrode is critical for ...

Primer on physiological techniques Different recording techniques:-Intracellular recording-Extracellular recording-Imaging Intracellular recording Record inside the cell using glass (why not metal?) electrodes. $$ This technique allows the experimenter to record subthreshold responses, and to understand mechanisms behind a cell's response properties. Whole-cell recording is a modern form of int...

The brainstem reticular formation (RF) was one of the first structures to be investigated using single unit recording techniques. One procedure common to all the early studies was the attempt to eliminate spontaneous behavior prior to commencing unit studies. This was not done because investigators thought that behavior was unworthy of study. Rather, it was a direct result of the unit recording...

Single unit recording has been used as a well-known technique to study the electrical behavior of neurons. In this respect, the classical methods are rather expensive. In this study a simple and inexpensive method for single unit recording studies has been introduced. Computer sound card was used for data acquisition. Neural responses were saved via simple sound applicable packages and then ana...

In this paper, we demonstrate the importance of combinations of facial expressions and their timing, in explaining a person's conversational skills in a series of brief non-romantic conversations. Video recordings of 365 fourminute conversations before and after a randomized intervention were analyzed in which facial action units (AUs) were examined over different time segments. Male subjects (...

Microiontophoresis of neuroactive substances during single unit recording in awake behaving animals can significantly advance our understanding of neural circuit function. Here, we present a detailed description of a method for constructing carbon fiber multibarrel electrodes suitable for delivering drugs while simultaneously recording single unit activity from deep structures, including brains...