background: according to the measurements literature reliability of the test refers to the consistency of the test results and shows whether the obtained score is stable indication of the student’s performance in particular test reliability can be measured by different statistics formula. purpose: to determine the factors influenced the reliability of 392 mcq examinations. methods: the correlat...

background: the spread of urbanization in floodplains as well as increase of industrial and agricultural activities in river discharges may lead to water pollution by physical, chemical and biological pollutants. one of the major concerns in monitoring the water resources system is indentifying major quality parameters and determining a relationship between physical and chemical parameters. thi...

Recent improvements in imaging photoelectron spectroscopy enhance lateral and vertical characterization of heterogeneous samples at the cost of increasing complexity in the XPS data sets acquired. These imaging data sets require more sophisticated analysis methods than visual inspection if the data are to be interpreted effectively. Multivariate analysis (MVA) methods are increasingly utilized ...

This paper presents a framework for developing vision-based inferential sensors. This framework not only gives a summary of existing methodologies, but also combines the methods used in other areas, such as traditional machine vision, multivariate image analysis and multivariate data analysis, and gives a broad vision for future developments of the area. Copyright © 2002 IFAC